Deng Hongjin, Zhang Jiacheng, Liang Weixing, Tan Beiping, Chi Shuyan
Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed, College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China.
Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Aquatic Animals Precision Nutrition and High Efficiency Feed, Zhanjiang 524088, China.
Anim Nutr. 2025 Jan 27;21:140-154. doi: 10.1016/j.aninu.2024.11.021. eCollection 2025 Jun.
This experiment explored the effects of lysophospholipids on hybrid grouper (initial average weight: 22.65 ± 0.03 g) hepatic lipid metabolism and immunity at the transcriptome and metabolome levels. A total of 375 hybrid groupers were divided into 5 groups of 3 replicates of 25 fish each. Five isoproteic and isolipidic diets were formed by adding 0 (L, control group), 0.05% (L), 0.1% (L), 0.15% (L) and 0.2% (L) lysophospholipids, respectively. After 8 wk, compared to the control group, weight gain rate, specific growth rate and protein deposition rate were significantly higher ( < 0.05), and the feed conversion ratio was significantly lower in the L group ( = 0.011). The total cholesterol and triglyceride contents in the serum and liver of the fish in the L group were significantly lower than those in the L group ( < 0.05). Compared to the L group, catalase and superoxide dismutase activities were substantially higher, and malondialdehyde content was considerably lower in the L group ( < 0.05); complement 3, lysozyme, acid phosphatase, and alkaline phosphatase levels in the L group were significantly higher than those in the L group ( < 0.05). The hepatic lipoprotein lipase activity and gene expression in the L group were significantly higher whereas fatty acid synthase activity and gene expression were significantly lower than those in the L group ( < 0.05). The gene expression and activities of hepatic catalase and superoxide dismutase in the L group were considerably higher than those in the control group ( < 0.05). The mRNA expression of major histocompatibility complex class II molecule and interleukin-10 genes were significantly higher in the L group than in the L group ( < 0.05), while the mRNA expression of interleukin-6 and interferon-γ genes in the L group was significantly higher than those in the L group ( < 0.05).The transcriptome and metabolome data showed that the critical genes such as lipoprotein lipase and fatty acid synthase, as well as metabolites such as taurine and docosahexaenoic acid were enriched in the lipid metabolism pathway. In conclusion, 0.1% lysophospholipids activated critical genes and metabolites in the adenosine 5-monophosphate-activated protein kinase and peroxisome proliferators-activated receptors signaling pathways to regulate lipid metabolism and immunity in hybrid grouper.
本实验在转录组和代谢组水平上探究了溶血磷脂对杂交石斑鱼（初始平均体重：22.65±0.03 g）肝脏脂质代谢和免疫的影响。总共375尾杂交石斑鱼被分为5组，每组25尾鱼，设3个重复。通过分别添加0（L，对照组）、0.05%（L）、0.1%（L）、0.15%（L）和0.2%（L）的溶血磷脂形成5种等蛋白和等脂的饲料。8周后，与对照组相比，L组的增重率、特定生长率和蛋白质沉积率显著更高（<0.05），饲料转化率显著更低（=0.011）。L组鱼血清和肝脏中的总胆固醇和甘油三酯含量显著低于L组（<0.05）。与L组相比，L组的过氧化氢酶和超氧化物歧化酶活性显著更高，丙二醛含量显著更低（<0.05）；L组的补体3、溶菌酶、酸性磷酸酶和碱性磷酸酶水平显著高于L组（<0.05）。L组肝脏脂蛋白脂肪酶活性和基因表达显著高于L组，而脂肪酸合酶活性和基因表达显著低于L组（<0.05）。L组肝脏过氧化氢酶和超氧化物歧化酶的基因表达和活性显著高于对照组（<0.05）。L组主要组织相容性复合体II类分子和白细胞介素-10基因的mRNA表达显著高于L组（<0.05），而L组白细胞介素-6和干扰素-γ基因的mRNA表达显著高于L组（<0.05）。转录组和代谢组数据表明，脂蛋白脂肪酶和脂肪酸合酶等关键基因以及牛磺酸和二十二碳六烯酸等代谢物在脂质代谢途径中富集。总之，0.1%的溶血磷脂激活了5'-单磷酸腺苷激活蛋白激酶和过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体信号通路中的关键基因和代谢物，以调节杂交石斑鱼的脂质代谢和免疫。
