Jubair Hani Hasan, Mezher Marwa Jabbar, Mayea Noor Ayyed
Department of Pathological Analysis, Faculty of Science, University of Kufa, Najaf, Iraq.
Department of Medical Biotechsnology, College of Biotechnology, Al-Qadisiyah University, Diwaniyah, Iraq.
Iran J Pathol. 2025 Spring;20(2):173-180. doi: 10.30699/ijp.2025.2052426.3412. Epub 2025 Mar 10.
BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVE: is a globally recognized nosocomial pathogen capable of developing multidrug resistance. This study investigates antibiotic resistance patterns, evaluates common resistance genotypes, and explores the genetic relatedness of PDR clinical isolates from hospitals in the Middle Euphrates region of Iraq.
Fourteen PDR isolates were obtained and subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility testing using the Vitek-2 compact system. Resistance genes were identified via conventional PCR, and clonal relationships were analyzed using multilocus sequence typing (MLST).
Among 175 isolates, 8% (14/175) were classified as PDR strains, exhibiting resistance to all tested antibiotics. TEM was the most prevalent resistance gene (50%), followed by CTX-M (43%). SHV, IMP, KPC, OXA-48, and Mcr-1 genes were absent in all PDR isolates. MLST analysis identified five sequence types (STs): ST2, ST218, ST138, ST123, and ST460, with ST2 being the most common (50%).
The high prevalence of PDR in Iraq highlights the need for enhanced antibiotic surveillance. A comprehensive molecular investigation is necessary to mitigate the spread of these resistant pathogens.
是一种全球公认的医院感染病原体，能够产生多重耐药性。本研究调查了伊拉克幼发拉底河中游地区医院分离的泛耐药临床分离株的抗生素耐药模式，评估常见耐药基因型，并探索其遗传相关性。
获取14株泛耐药分离株，使用Vitek-2 compact系统进行药敏试验。通过常规PCR鉴定耐药基因，并使用多位点序列分型（MLST）分析克隆关系。
在175株分离株中，8%（14/175）被归类为泛耐药菌株，对所有测试抗生素均耐药。TEM是最常见的耐药基因（50%），其次是CTX-M（43%）。所有泛耐药分离株中均未检测到SHV、IMP、KPC、OXA-48和Mcr-1基因。MLST分析确定了五种序列类型（STs）：ST2、ST218、ST138、ST123和ST460，其中ST2最为常见（50%）。
伊拉克泛耐药的高流行率凸显了加强抗生素监测的必要性。有必要进行全面的分子调查以减轻这些耐药病原体的传播。
