Moaness Mona, Emam Ahmed N, Salama Abeer, Ahmed Manar M, Hamzawy Esmat M A, Omar Areg E, El-Bassyouni Gehan T
Refractories, Ceramics and Building Materials Department, Advanced Materials Technology & Mineral Resources Research Institute, National Research Centre (NRC) 33 El Bohouth St., Dokki Cairo P. O. Box 12622 Egypt
Nanomedicine & Tissue Engineering Research Lab, Medical Research Centre of Excellence, National Research Centre 33 El Bohouth St., Dokki Cairo P. O. Box 12622 Egypt.
Nanoscale Adv. 2025 May 23. doi: 10.1039/d5na00176e.
This study examines the prospect of bone regeneration using pure wollastonite and gold-doped wollastonite nanohybrids prepared using a wet chemical method. After four weeks of soaking in simulated body fluid, the bio-mineralization of wollastonite was accelerated, with excellent apatite layer deposition accomplished at varying ratios ( 0, 1.25, 2.5, 5, and 7.5 wt/v%). The biodegradation and swellability of the prepared composites revealed controlled and stable bone defect behavior, with enhanced adequate swellability. W/Au 5 wt/v% demonstrated the highest potential for water absorption, amounting to approximately 80-85%. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis confirmed the composition of the CaSiO sample for pure wollastonite while showing that gold nanoparticles or a thin layer of gold was deposited on the surface of CaSiO in the case of the gold-doped wollastonite nanohybrid (7.5 wt/v%). The mechanical strength increased considerably with gold nanoparticle doping. bone osteogenesis was assessed in a rat femur bone defect model to demonstrate the bone regeneration ability of the fabricated nanocomposites. Results showed up-regulation of the osteogenic markers, including bone morphogenetic protein 2 (Bmp2), Smad1, and Runx2 signalling, which is involved in osteoblast differentiation. Enhanced alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, which affects the mineralization ability of cells, was also evaluated. Furthermore, gold nanoparticle doping reduced glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK 3β) levels compared to the positive control, which stimulated bone formation and increased bone mineral density (BMD) after 2 months of implantation. These results aligned with histopathological studies that showed increased osteoblast proliferation and blood vessel regeneration. The findings demonstrate that wollastonite nanohybrids, both pure and gold-doped, show promise as materials for bone replacement and regeneration applications.
本研究考察了使用通过湿化学方法制备的纯硅灰石和金掺杂硅灰石纳米杂化物进行骨再生的前景。在模拟体液中浸泡四周后，硅灰石的生物矿化加速，在不同比例（0、1.25、2.5、5和7.5 wt/v%）下均实现了优异的磷灰石层沉积。所制备复合材料的生物降解性和溶胀性显示出可控且稳定的骨缺损行为，溶胀性增强。W/Au 5 wt/v%表现出最高的吸水性，约为80 - 85%。X射线光电子能谱分析证实了纯硅灰石CaSiO样品的组成，同时表明在金掺杂硅灰石纳米杂化物（7.5 wt/v%）的情况下，金纳米颗粒或金薄层沉积在CaSiO表面。随着金纳米颗粒掺杂，机械强度显著提高。在大鼠股骨骨缺损模型中评估骨成骨作用，以证明所制备的纳米复合材料的骨再生能力。结果显示成骨标志物上调，包括骨形态发生蛋白2（Bmp2）、Smad1和参与成骨细胞分化的Runx2信号传导。还评估了影响细胞矿化能力的增强的碱性磷酸酶（ALP）活性。此外，与阳性对照相比，金纳米颗粒掺杂降低了糖原合酶激酶-3β（GSK 3β）水平，在植入2个月后刺激了骨形成并增加了骨矿物质密度（BMD）。这些结果与组织病理学研究一致，该研究显示成骨细胞增殖和血管再生增加。研究结果表明，纯硅灰石和金掺杂硅灰石纳米杂化物有望作为骨替代和再生应用的材料。
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