Singh Sushil, Pal Shrayan, De Abhishek
From the Department of Dermatology, Calcutta National Medical College, Kolkata, West Bengal, India.
Indian J Dermatol. 2025 May-Jun;70(3):169. doi: 10.4103/ijd.ijd_890_23. Epub 2025 May 8.
Common warts are benign skin lesions caused by human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. They are often resistant to conventional treatments and may cause cosmetic and psychological distress. Immunotherapy is a promising alternative that stimulates the host immune system to clear the virus and the infected cells. This study compared the efficacy and safety of two immunotherapeutic agents, intralesional measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine and intralesional vitamin D, in the treatment of common warts.
This was a single-blind randomised controlled trial conducted at a tertiary care hospital in Kolkata, India. Patients aged 12 years or older with common warts were randomly assigned to receive either intralesional MMR vaccine or intralesional vitamin D every 3 weeks for a maximum of three doses or until complete resolution, whichever was earlier. The primary outcome was the reduction in the size of the largest wart. Secondary outcomes included patients' and physicians' global assessment, complete response rate, adverse effects, and recurrence rate.
A total of 36 patients were enrolled and analysed. Both MMR and vitamin D groups showed a significant reduction in the size of the largest wart throughout the treatment period ( < 0.0001). There was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of size reduction, patients' and physicians' global assessment and adverse effects. The complete response rate was higher in the MMR group (64.7%) than in the vitamin D group (36.8%); however, the difference was not statistically significant ( = 0.14). The recurrence rate was low in both groups (5.9% in the MMR group and 10.5% in the vitamin D group).
Both intralesional MMR vaccine and intralesional vitamin D are effective and safe immunotherapeutic options for the treatment of common warts. MMR vaccine may have a slight advantage over vitamin D in terms of complete response rate; however, further studies with larger sample sizes and longer follow-ups are needed to confirm this finding.
寻常疣是由人乳头瘤病毒（HPV）感染引起的良性皮肤病变。它们通常对传统治疗有抗性，并且可能导致美容和心理困扰。免疫疗法是一种有前景的替代方法，可刺激宿主免疫系统清除病毒和受感染细胞。本研究比较了两种免疫治疗药物，皮损内注射麻疹、腮腺炎和风疹（MMR）疫苗和皮损内注射维生素D，治疗寻常疣的疗效和安全性。
这是一项在印度加尔各答的一家三级护理医院进行的单盲随机对照试验。年龄在12岁及以上的寻常疣患者被随机分配，每3周接受一次皮损内注射MMR疫苗或皮损内注射维生素D，最多注射三剂，或直至完全消退，以先达到者为准。主要结局是最大疣体大小的减小。次要结局包括患者和医生的整体评估、完全缓解率、不良反应和复发率。
共纳入36例患者并进行分析。MMR组和维生素D组在整个治疗期间最大疣体大小均显著减小（<0.0001）。两组在疣体大小减小、患者和医生的整体评估以及不良反应方面无显著差异。MMR组的完全缓解率（64.7%）高于维生素D组（36.8%）；然而，差异无统计学意义（=0.14）。两组的复发率均较低（MMR组为5.9%，维生素D组为10.5%）。
皮损内注射MMR疫苗和皮损内注射维生素D都是治疗寻常疣有效且安全的免疫治疗选择。MMR疫苗在完全缓解率方面可能比维生素D略有优势；然而，需要更大样本量和更长随访时间的进一步研究来证实这一发现。
