Gallbladder cancer (GBC) is a rare but aggressive cancer that often presents subtle early symptoms, leading to late-stage diagnosis. In recent years, significant advancements have been made in early detection and treatment of GBC. These improvements are driven by a better understanding of the risk factors for this malignancy and the use of new diagnostic technologies. This review systematically examines the risk factors associated with GBC, and advancements in diagnostic techniques and treatment strategies, with an aim to enhance the early diagnosis and effective management of GBC to provide a valuable reference for clinical practice.