Burhan Erlina, Azzumar Farchan, Sinuraya Fira Alyssa Gabriella, Prasetyo Sabarinah, Gayatri Dwi, Ariawan Iwan, Rakasiwi Muhammad Ilham Dhiya, Afladhia Hanna Lianti, Ilham Ahmad Fadhil, Akbar Ihya, Wiyarta Elvan
Indonesia Society of Respirology, Jakarta, Indonesia.
Department of Pulmonology and Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia.
PLoS One. 2025 Jun 9;20(6):e0320779. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0320779. eCollection 2025.
Vaccination was included in the Indonesian government policy to address Delta and Omicron waves of SAR-CoV-2 infections. This study assesses the effectiveness of inactivated (CoronaVac, BBIBP-Cor) and mRNA vaccines (mRNA-1273, BNT162b2) against COVID-19 regardless of symptoms and fatal COVID-19 (mortality within 30 days after confirmed RT-PCR) during Delta and Omicron period in Jakarta, Indonesia.
This study case-control, test-negative study included all individuals aged over 18 years in Jakarta with complete and consistent SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR results from 1 June to 31 August 2021 (Delta period) and 1 January to 2 April 2022 (Omicron period), as well as complete vaccination status. This study integrates several public health data from the Jakarta provincial government. From the odds ratio, vaccine effectiveness (VE) was analyzed as the primary outcome using unmatched analysis, matched analysis, and adjustments for other factors.
This study includes 982,885 eligible subjects recorded from March 2021 to April 2022. All subjects generally underwent testing 4-9 weeks after their last vaccine dose. The VE of 2-dose inactivated vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 infection during Delta wave was 22.06% (95% CI 20.63-24.54) and the VE against fatal COVID-19 was 78.55% (95% CI 72.91-83.00). A complete primary dose of mRNA vaccine showed VE of 24.81% (95% CI 16.81-32.09) against infection during Omicron wave. Furthermore an additional mRNA booster dose showed VE of 68.82% (95% CI 54.11-78.82) based on unmatched analysis.
A complete primary dose of inactivated vaccine provided mild protection against COVID-19 and essential protection against fatal cases during the Delta wave, but offered little to no protection during the Omicron wave. In contrast, the mRNA vaccine, either as primary vaccination, homologous, or heterologous booster regimen, conferred acceptable protection against Omicron. This study recommends real-world vaccination strategies for LMICs with typical vaccine supply constraints.
疫苗接种被纳入印度尼西亚政府应对新冠病毒2型（SARS-CoV-2）德尔塔和奥密克戎毒株感染浪潮的政策中。本研究评估了灭活疫苗（科兴疫苗、BBIBP-Cor）和信使核糖核酸（mRNA）疫苗（mRNA-1273、BNT162b2）在印度尼西亚雅加达的德尔塔和奥密克戎时期预防有症状和无症状新冠病毒病（COVID-19）以及预防COVID-19死亡（确诊逆转录聚合酶链反应后30天内死亡）的有效性。
本病例对照、检测阴性研究纳入了2021年6月1日至8月31日（德尔塔时期）和2022年1月1日至4月2日（奥密克戎时期）在雅加达所有18岁以上且有完整且一致的SARS-CoV-2逆转录聚合酶链反应结果以及完整疫苗接种状态的个体。本研究整合了雅加达省政府的多项公共卫生数据。根据比值比，使用非匹配分析、匹配分析以及对其他因素的调整，将疫苗有效性（VE）作为主要结果进行分析。
本研究纳入了2021年3月至2022年4月记录的982,885名符合条件的受试者。所有受试者通常在最后一剂疫苗接种后4 - 9周接受检测。在德尔塔浪潮期间，两剂灭活疫苗预防SARS-CoV-2感染的VE为22.06%（95%置信区间20.63 - 24.54），预防COVID-19死亡的VE为78.55%（95%置信区间72.91 - 83.00）。在奥密克戎浪潮期间，一剂完整的mRNA疫苗预防感染的VE为24.81%（95%置信区间16.81 - 32.09）。此外，根据非匹配分析，一剂额外的mRNA加强针的VE为68.82%（95%置信区间54.11 - 78.82）。
一剂完整的灭活疫苗在德尔塔浪潮期间对COVID-19提供了轻度保护，对死亡病例提供了重要保护，但在奥密克戎浪潮期间几乎没有提供保护。相比之下，mRNA疫苗无论是作为初次接种疫苗、同源或异源加强免疫方案均对奥密克戎提供了可接受的保护。本研究为具有典型疫苗供应限制的低收入和中等收入国家推荐了实际的疫苗接种策略。
