Ahrabi Salar Zarrabi, Pınarlık Fatihan, Akyıldız Gürkan, Kuşkucu Mert, Kar Sırrı, Ergönül Önder, Keleş Ayşen Gargılı
Department of Basic Health Science, Health Sciences Faculty, Marmara University, Istanbul, Türkiye.
Koc University Isbank Center for Infectious Diseases (KUISCID), Istanbul, Türkiye.
PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2025 Jun 9;19(6):e0013092. doi: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0013092. eCollection 2025 Jun.
Ticks serve as significant vectors for over 100 pathogens, many of which pose serious health risks to humans. Türkiye's diverse tick species and ideal ecological conditions facilitate their proliferation. Following the emergence of the Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever (CCHF) epidemic in 2004, tick-borne diseases have become a critical public health concern. This systematic review was conducted to identify the dominant tick genera and species responsible for human bites and tick-borne diseases. PubMed, Cochrane, Scopus, Web of Science, Medline, Tübitak TR Dizin, Dergi Park databases were searched following PRISMA guidelines, and the last search was performed on 11 October 2024. Studies reporting human-biting ticks were included and studies that do not report tick species or number of ticks were excluded. A novel quality assessment scale was developed by Türkiye Infectious Diseases (TEH) Vector-Borne Infections Study Group and used for risk of bias assessment. The total number of ticks and percentages were calculated. A total of 24 studies documented 53,879 ticks, 96.60% of which were identified at the genus or species level. The most prevalent genera were Hyalomma (46.99%) and Ixodes (28.49%), followed by Rhipicephalus and Haemaphysalis. Notably, immature forms of Hyalomma spp., particularly nymphs, accounted for the highest proportion of bites (22.65%). The findings highlight Hyalomma and Ixodes as primary vectors for major diseases in Türkiye, with H. marginatum playing a central role in seasonal outbreaks of CCHF in rural Anatolia and Ixodes spp. linked to Lyme disease. Türkiye's geographic and climatic diversity, along with factors such as migratory bird routes, facilitates the distribution of ticks and the emergence of novel tick-borne diseases. Despite the notable risks, inconsistent tick identification and reporting impede accurate assessment and management. Standardized methodologies and comprehensive reporting systems are strongly recommended to better address the public health risks posed by tick-borne diseases.
蜱虫是100多种病原体的重要传播媒介，其中许多病原体对人类健康构成严重威胁。土耳其多样的蜱虫种类和理想的生态条件促进了它们的繁殖。2004年克里米亚-刚果出血热（CCHF）疫情出现后，蜱传疾病已成为一个关键的公共卫生问题。本系统综述旨在确定导致人类被叮咬和蜱传疾病的主要蜱属和蜱种。按照PRISMA指南对PubMed、Cochrane、Scopus、Web of Science、Medline、Tübitak TR Dizin、Dergi Park数据库进行了检索，最后一次检索于2024年10月11日进行。纳入了报告人类被蜱虫叮咬的研究，排除了未报告蜱种或蜱虫数量的研究。土耳其传染病（TEH）媒介传播感染研究组制定了一种新的质量评估量表，并用于偏倚风险评估。计算了蜱虫的总数和百分比。共有24项研究记录了53879只蜱虫，其中96.60%在属或种水平上得到鉴定。最常见的属是璃眼蜱属（46.99%）和硬蜱属（28.49%），其次是扇头蜱属和血蜱属。值得注意的是，璃眼蜱属的未成熟形态，尤其是若虫，占叮咬比例最高（22.65%）。研究结果突出了璃眼蜱属和硬蜱属是土耳其主要疾病的主要传播媒介，边缘璃眼蜱在安纳托利亚农村地区CCHF的季节性暴发中起核心作用，而硬蜱属与莱姆病有关。土耳其的地理和气候多样性，以及候鸟迁徙路线等因素，促进了蜱虫的分布和新型蜱传疾病的出现。尽管存在显著风险，但蜱虫鉴定和报告的不一致阻碍了准确的评估和管理。强烈建议采用标准化方法和全面的报告系统，以更好地应对蜱传疾病带来的公共卫生风险。
