Anand Shivraj, Gupta Deepak, Siwach Chhavi, Nowak Jens, Rustige Heribert, Mishra Virendra Kumar
Institute of Environment & Sustainable Development, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India.
University of Applied Sciences Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany.
Environ Manage. 2025 Aug;75(8):2078-2088. doi: 10.1007/s00267-025-02186-2. Epub 2025 Jun 10.
In order to mitigate the risk posed by discharge of untreated wastewater and enhance the quality of wastewater prior to its release or reuse, it is important to adopt nature based treatment technologies. The current study was performed with objective to treat the primary treated sewage collected from a traditional Moving Bed Biofilm Reactor (MBBR) based Sewage treatment plant (STP) by using a two-stage French Type Vertical Flow Constructed Wetland (FVFCW). This pilot-scale study was undertaken in Banaras Hindu University Campus Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh. The wetland unit was a two-stage Vertical Flow Constructed Wetland system (VFCW) filled with two different filter media gravel & sand and planted with two different macrophytes Canna indica and Typha latifolia which was operated for Sustainable treatment of primary sewage. The VFCW was operated at three different Hydraulic loading rate (HLR) i.e. 1800, 2700, 3600 L/day for nine months. The VFCW performed for the treatment of different physicochemical parameters at given loading rates. The maximum removal efficiency of 72.37, 76.47, 100, 87.23, 41.41, 40.77 27.07% was recorded for COD, BOD, Turbidity, TSS, TDS, Phosphate and Ammonia respectively. Most of the Parameters showed maximum removal efficiency at HLR 2700 L/day. The study suggested that Experimental VFCW can be a sustainable solution for wastewater treatment in remote and rural areas of India as well small colonies due to its eco-friendly, cost-effective, low maintenance cost and lack of operational expertise.
为了降低未经处理的废水排放带来的风险，并在废水排放或再利用之前提高其质量，采用基于自然的处理技术非常重要。本研究的目的是使用两级法国式垂直流人工湿地（FVFCW）处理从传统的基于移动床生物膜反应器（MBBR）的污水处理厂（STP）收集的一级处理污水。这项中试规模的研究在印度北方邦瓦拉纳西的贝拿勒斯印度大学校园内进行。湿地单元是一个两级垂直流人工湿地系统（VFCW），填充有两种不同的过滤介质砾石和沙子，并种植了两种不同的大型植物美人蕉和宽叶香蒲，用于对一级污水进行可持续处理。VFCW以三种不同的水力负荷率（HLR）运行，即1800、2700、3600升/天，运行九个月。VFCW在给定的负荷率下对不同的理化参数进行处理。化学需氧量（COD）、生化需氧量（BOD）、浊度、总悬浮物（TSS）、总溶解固体（TDS）、磷酸盐和氨的最大去除效率分别为72.37%、76.47%、100%、87.23%、41.41%、40.77%、27.07%。大多数参数在HLR为2700升/天时显示出最大去除效率。该研究表明，实验性VFCW由于其生态友好、成本效益高、维护成本低且无需操作专业知识，对于印度偏远农村地区以及小聚居区的废水处理而言可能是一种可持续的解决方案。
