Alavi Amina Farrukh, Malik Sara, Ahmed Safia, Ahmed Bilal, Salman Muhammad, Farooq Ayesha, Naz Iffat
Department of Microbiology, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan.
Shaheed Benazir Bhutto Women University, Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.
Int J Phytoremediation. 2025 Jun 19:1-12. doi: 10.1080/15226514.2025.2516250.
This research investigates the effectiveness of a lab-scale hybrid subsurface flow constructed wetland (HSSFCW) for removing wastewater contaminants, including antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB), genes (ARGs) and antibiotics. The results suggested that HSSFCW demonstrated a high removal efficiency for COD (89%) and BOD (88.9%), while lower efficiencies were observed for salts, TDS, EC, and TKN. Further, various bacteria such as and were detected in the plant rhizosphere, while and were identified as biofilm formers on the wetland media. The mean removal efficiency of 70.44, 65.99, 70.66 and 51.49% was observed for total heterotrophic bacteria; Cefixime (Cef)-, Ciprofloxacin (Cip)-, and Linezolid (Lzd)-resistant bacteria. Upon chlorination of effluent samples, Cef-, Cip- and Lzd-resistant bacteria were effectively inactivated at 30, 15 and 7.5 mg Cl min/L, respectively. The wetland achieved a removal efficiency of 83.85% for Cip and 100% for Lzd at week 12 with = 0.040 and < 0.001, respectively. Further, a log reduction of 0.66 for , 0.82 for , 0.61 for and 0.48 for was observed. Thus, HSSFCW was observed to be efficient in removing organic contaminants, ARBs, ARGs and antibiotics from domestic wastewater and can be upgraded under natural environments.
本研究调查了实验室规模的复合潜流人工湿地（HSSFCW）去除废水污染物的效果，这些污染物包括抗生素抗性细菌（ARB）、基因（ARG）和抗生素。结果表明，HSSFCW对化学需氧量（COD，去除率89%）和生化需氧量（BOD，去除率88.9%）表现出较高的去除效率，而对盐分、总溶解固体（TDS）、电导率（EC）和凯氏氮（TKN）的去除效率较低。此外，在植物根际检测到了各种细菌，如 和 ，而 和 被鉴定为湿地介质上的生物膜形成菌。总异养细菌、对头孢克肟（Cef）、环丙沙星（Cip）和利奈唑胺（Lzd）具有抗性的细菌的平均去除率分别为70.44%、65.99%、70.66%和51.49%。对出水样品进行氯化处理后，对Cef、Cip和Lzd具有抗性的细菌分别在30、15和7.5 mg Cl min/L的剂量下被有效灭活。在第12周时，湿地对Cip的去除率为83.85%，对Lzd的去除率为100%，P值分别为0.040和<0.001。此外，观察到 的对数减少量为0.66， 为0.82， 为0.61， 为0.48。因此，观察到HSSFCW在去除生活污水中的有机污染物、ARB、ARG和抗生素方面是有效的，并且可以在自然环境下进行升级。
