Mai Linh Thuy, Swaminathan Sharada, Nguyen Trieu Hai, Collette Etienne, Charpentier Tania, Carmona-Pérez Liseth, Loucif Hamza, Lamarre Alain, Heinonen Krista M, Langlais David, Fritz Jörg H, Stäger Simona
Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, Laval, QC, Canada.
Dahdaleh Institute of Genomic Medicine, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
EMBO J. 2025 Jun 10. doi: 10.1038/s44318-025-00485-2.
Exhaustion of CD8 T-cells leads to their reduced immune functionality and is controlled by numerous transcription factors. Here we show that the transcription factor IRF-5 helps to limit functional exhaustion of murine CD8 T-cells during the chronic stage of LCMV (CL13) viral infection. Our results suggest that T-cell inhibitory receptors and transcription factor TOX, which are implicated in dampening T-cell activation and promoting exhaustion, are upregulated in infected IRF-5-deficient CD8 T-cells. In addition, these cells display a reduced capacity to produce cytokines and lower survival rates than wild-type cells. Our findings indicate that these effects are mediated by defective lipid metabolism, increased lipid peroxidation, enhanced mitochondrial ROS production, and reduced levels of oxidative phosphorylation in the absence of IRF-5. These results identify IRF-5 as an important regulator of lipid metabolism and mitochondrial function that protects CD8 T-cells from functional exhaustion during the chronic stage of viral infection.
CD8 T细胞耗竭会导致其免疫功能降低,且受多种转录因子调控。在此我们表明,转录因子IRF-5有助于在淋巴细胞脉络丛脑膜炎病毒(LCMV,CL13株)慢性感染阶段限制小鼠CD8 T细胞的功能耗竭。我们的结果表明,在受感染的IRF-5缺陷型CD8 T细胞中,参与抑制T细胞活化和促进耗竭的T细胞抑制性受体及转录因子TOX上调。此外,这些细胞产生细胞因子的能力降低,存活率也低于野生型细胞。我们的研究结果表明,这些效应是由脂质代谢缺陷、脂质过氧化增加、线粒体ROS产生增强以及在缺乏IRF-5时氧化磷酸化水平降低介导的。这些结果确定IRF-5是脂质代谢和线粒体功能的重要调节因子,可在病毒感染慢性阶段保护CD8 T细胞免于功能耗竭。