Tsedaley Binyam, Alemu Kumlachew
College of Agriculture and Natural Resource, Assosa University, Assosa, NA, NA, Ethiopia.
F1000Res. 2025 Mar 17;13:1290. doi: 10.12688/f1000research.156145.2. eCollection 2024.
Over 500 million people worldwide rely on sorghum as a main food crop. About 10% of the daily caloric intake of households in Ethiopia's northwest and eastern regions, including Benishangul Gumuz, comes from sorghum. A hemi-biotrophic fungal pathogen called caused anthracnose disease is among the biotic constraints of sorghum production.
Ten selected sorghum genotypes were assessed for sorghum anthracnose severity and its temporal and spatial dynamics on field plots in the districts of Assosa and Bambasi. The performance of the chosen sorghum genotypes was assessed using the following metrics: AUDPC, disease progress rate, yield-related trait, sorghum grain yield, and mean severity index. Anthracnose severity was evaluated using a 1-5 disease rating scale and assessments conducted at seven consecutive time points.
The result found that the mean anthracnose severity index ranging from 60-77 PSI and 53-82 PSI, respectively. AUDPC varied from 351 to 470 % days and 316 to 499 % days at Assosa and Bambasi districts, respectively. Bambasi district achieved a larger grain yield than the Assosa district. Assosa-1 demonstrated a significant level of disease pressure, yet the current investigation found that this genotype is the highest performing genotype in both locations.
There is a considerable positive link between the severity of anthracnose and the weekly total rainfall and relative humidity. At both trial sites, Mersa-1 continuously produced higher grain yields and reduced disease levels. Breeders might utilize the Baco Striga sorghum genotype as a check line in a breeding effort to resist anthracnose disease because it shown a high vulnerability to the disease at both locations.
全球超过5亿人将高粱作为主要粮食作物。在埃塞俄比亚西北部和东部地区，包括本尚古勒-古穆兹地区，家庭每日热量摄入的约10%来自高粱。一种名为引起炭疽病的半活体营养型真菌病原体是高粱生产的生物限制因素之一。
在阿索萨和班巴西地区的田间地块上，对10个选定的高粱基因型进行了高粱炭疽病严重程度及其时间和空间动态的评估。使用以下指标评估所选高粱基因型的表现：AUDPC、病情进展速率、产量相关性状、高粱籽粒产量和平均严重程度指数。使用1-5级病害评级量表评估炭疽病严重程度，并在连续七个时间点进行评估。
结果发现，平均炭疽病严重程度指数分别为60-77 PSI和53-82 PSI。在阿索萨和班巴西地区，AUDPC分别从351%天变化到470%天和从316%天变化到499%天。班巴西地区的籽粒产量高于阿索萨地区。阿索萨-1表现出显著的病害压力，但当前调查发现该基因型在两个地点都是表现最佳的基因型。
炭疽病严重程度与每周总降雨量和相对湿度之间存在相当大的正相关。在两个试验地点，梅尔萨-1持续产生较高的籽粒产量并降低病害水平。育种者可能会在抗炭疽病的育种工作中利用巴科抗杂草高粱基因型作为对照系，因为它在两个地点对该病害都表现出高度易感性。
