Nishimura Naoyuki
National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan.
Chem Commun (Camb). 2025 Jul 1;61(54):9816-9835. doi: 10.1039/d5cc02412a.
Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have attracted significant attention owing to their prominent photovoltaic (PV) performance. Their multi-layered structure facilitates efficient charge separation in -type-like perovskite photoabsorbers when sandwiched with a -type hole transport material (HTM) and -type electron transport material (, -- or -- structures), enabling high PV performance. Since heterointerfaces are prone to creating defects that act as carrier traps, modulating them in PSCs is crucial. In this review, the nascent yet potent spontaneous heterointerface modulation techniques, and effectiveness of spontaneous heterointerface modulators (SHMs) are highlighted. SHMs are used as additives for precursor solutions of PSC components (, perovskite precursor solutions and HTM solutions) and can bypass the conventional treatment of heterointerface modulations; SHMs can increase process efficiencies of PSC fabrications. Additionally, SHMs can effectively modulate buried interfaces, reducing the risk of defect formation caused by atmospheric contamination. Furthermore, several SHMs serve additional benefits that the conventional step-by-step heterointerface modulation cannot attain. In particular, alkyl-primary-ammonium-based ionic liquids (RA-TFSIs), which are a novel series of ionic liquids designed for PSC applications and used as HTM additives, are highlighted. During the deposition of HTM solutions containing RA-TFSIs on perovskite layers, RA cations spontaneously passivate the perovskite layers, generating unique benefits, which can be tuned the molecular structure of RA cations. In addition, emerging RA-TFSIs have shown promise beyond PSCs, as deviation of their components from the currently major ionic liquids opens avenues for diverse applications that have remained unexplored. Therefore, this review will guide further development of materials science.
钙钛矿太阳能电池（PSCs）因其卓越的光伏（PV）性能而备受关注。当与p型空穴传输材料（HTM）和n型电子传输材料夹在一起时（p-i-n或n-i-p结构），其多层结构有助于在类似i型的钙钛矿光吸收体中实现高效电荷分离，从而实现高光伏性能。由于异质界面容易产生作为载流子陷阱的缺陷，因此在PSCs中对其进行调控至关重要。在本综述中，重点介绍了新兴且有效的自发异质界面调控技术以及自发异质界面调节剂（SHMs）的有效性。SHMs用作PSC组件前驱体溶液（即钙钛矿前驱体溶液和HTM溶液）的添加剂，可以绕过传统的异质界面调制处理；SHMs可以提高PSC制造的工艺效率。此外，SHMs可以有效地调控埋入界面，降低大气污染导致缺陷形成的风险。此外，一些SHMs还具有传统的逐步异质界面调制无法实现的额外优势。特别是，基于烷基伯铵的离子液体（RA-TFSIs）作为一种专为PSC应用设计的新型离子液体系列，并用作HTM添加剂，受到了重点关注。在将含有RA-TFSIs的HTM溶液沉积在钙钛矿层上的过程中，RA阳离子会自发地钝化钙钛矿层，产生独特的优势，这可以通过调整RA阳离子的分子结构来实现。此外，新兴的RA-TFSIs在PSC之外也显示出了潜力，因为其成分与目前主要的离子液体不同，为尚未探索的多种应用开辟了道路。因此，本综述将指导材料科学的进一步发展。
