Zhang Rui, Liu Mingxing, Li Hongjin, Huang Yan, Nah Coo Yee, Yao Chi, Yang Dayong
Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, P.R. China.
State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology, Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (MOE), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, P.R. China.
Biomater Sci. 2025 Jul 8;13(14):3772-3788. doi: 10.1039/d5bm00690b.
Biological vesicles, such as living cells and extracellular vesicles (EVs) in biological systems, are important agents and regulators of life functions and play an irreplaceable role in physiological processes and disease progression. The maintenance of high bioactivity and structural integrity as well as selective isolation of target biological vesicles from complex biological systems are of great significance for downstream applications, such as early diagnosis, treatment and prognostic monitoring of major diseases. Bioactive hydrogel is a material made of hydrogel containing bioactive molecules that simulate living systems . By exploiting the unique molecular recognition and sequence programmability of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), DNA containing multifunctional modules serves as the material chemistry basis. Through molecular design and functional unit incorporation, these strategies enable the construction of DNA hydrogels capable of targeted vesicle recognition. This review discusses interactions between DNA hydrogels and biological vesicles, focuses on controllable release mechanisms of vesicles, and highlights recent advances in biomedical applications boosted by bioactive DNA hydrogels, including cell and EV isolation, cell engineering and three-dimensional (3D) culture, disease detection, and disease treatments. First, the interaction and controllable release mechanisms of bioactive DNA hydrogels are summarized, and relevant research based on these mechanisms is reviewed. Second, pioneering work in biomaterial applications is summarized. Finally, it is concluded with the challenges faced by DNA hydrogels and the future prospects of bioactive DNA hydrogels.
生物囊泡，如生物系统中的活细胞和细胞外囊泡（EVs），是生命功能的重要介质和调节因子，在生理过程和疾病进展中发挥着不可替代的作用。保持高生物活性和结构完整性，以及从复杂生物系统中选择性分离目标生物囊泡，对于重大疾病的早期诊断、治疗和预后监测等下游应用具有重要意义。生物活性水凝胶是一种由含有模拟生命系统的生物活性分子的水凝胶制成的材料。通过利用脱氧核糖核酸（DNA）独特的分子识别和序列可编程性，含有多功能模块的DNA作为材料化学基础。通过分子设计和功能单元的引入，这些策略能够构建能够靶向囊泡识别的DNA水凝胶。本文综述了DNA水凝胶与生物囊泡之间的相互作用，重点讨论了囊泡的可控释放机制，并强调了生物活性DNA水凝胶在生物医学应用方面的最新进展，包括细胞和EV分离、细胞工程和三维（3D）培养、疾病检测和疾病治疗。首先，总结了生物活性DNA水凝胶的相互作用和可控释放机制，并对基于这些机制的相关研究进行了综述。其次，总结了生物材料应用方面的开创性工作。最后，总结了DNA水凝胶面临的挑战以及生物活性DNA水凝胶的未来前景。
