Stoyanova Mihaela, Gledacheva Vera, Milusheva Miglena, Todorova Mina, Kircheva Nikoleta, Angelova Silvia, Stefanova Iliyana, Pencheva Mina, Tumbarski Yulian, Vasileva Bela, Hristova-Panusheva Kamelia, Gospodinova Zlatina, Krasteva Natalia, Miloshev George, Georgieva Milena, Nikolova Stoyanka
Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Plovdiv, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria.
Department of Medical Physics and Biophysics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Plovdiv, 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria.
Nanomaterials (Basel). 2025 May 28;15(11):815. doi: 10.3390/nano15110815.
Human pathogenic fungi are the source of various illnesses, including invasive, cutaneous, and mucosal infections. One promising solution is using nanoparticles (NPs) as an antifungal agent. The current study aims to assess the antimicrobial and antifungal effects of drug-loaded silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) with previously reported mebeverine analogue (MA) as a potential drug candidate targeting gut microbiota and inflammation in the gastrointestinal tract. Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations were conducted to identify possible mechanisms by which AgNPs could prevent microorganisms from growing. In vitro and ex vivo anti-inflammatory, in vitro antimicrobial, ex vivo spasmolytic activities, and in vitro hepatic cell morphology and proliferation of drug-loaded AgNPs were assessed. The drug-loaded AgNPs were considered to have promising antifungal activity against all tested fungal strains, , , and , and yeasts, , , and good antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial strains. The results of in vitro and ex vivo determination of anti-inflammatory activity indicated that the drug-loaded AgNPs preserved MA's anti-inflammatory activity and decreased inflammation. A similar effect was observed in spasmolytic activity measurements. Drug-loaded AgNPs also influenced the morphology and proliferation of hepatic cells, indicating a potential for improved gut and liver therapeutic efficacy. Each test was performed in triplicate, and the results were reported as mean values. Based on the results, drug-loaded AgNPs might be a promising antimicrobial agent, maintaining the MA's potential as a spasmolytic and anti-inflammatory agent. Future in vivo and preclinical experiments will contribute to establishing the in vivo properties of drug-loaded AgNPs.
人类致病真菌是各种疾病的根源，包括侵袭性、皮肤和黏膜感染。一种有前景的解决方案是使用纳米颗粒（NPs）作为抗真菌剂。本研究旨在评估载药银纳米颗粒（AgNPs）与先前报道的美贝维林类似物（MA）作为针对肠道微生物群和胃肠道炎症的潜在候选药物的抗菌和抗真菌作用。进行了密度泛函理论（DFT）计算，以确定AgNPs阻止微生物生长的可能机制。评估了载药AgNPs的体外和离体抗炎、体外抗菌、离体解痉活性以及体外肝细胞形态和增殖情况。载药AgNPs被认为对所有测试的真菌菌株，即、、和，以及酵母、、具有有前景的抗真菌活性，对革兰氏阳性和革兰氏阴性细菌菌株具有良好的抗菌活性。体外和离体抗炎活性测定结果表明，载药AgNPs保留了MA的抗炎活性并减轻了炎症。在解痉活性测量中也观察到了类似的效果。载药AgNPs还影响了肝细胞的形态和增殖，表明其在改善肠道和肝脏治疗效果方面具有潜力。每项测试均重复进行三次，结果以平均值报告。基于这些结果，载药AgNPs可能是一种有前景的抗菌剂，同时保持了MA作为解痉和抗炎剂的潜力。未来的体内和临床前实验将有助于确定载药AgNPs的体内特性。
