2016 - 2023年欧洲牙科教育、牙科实践的组织与监管动态
Dynamics of Dental Education, Organization, and Regulation of Dental Practice in Europe 2016-2023.
作者信息
Wolf Thomas Gerhard, Lingström Peter, Deniaud Jacques, Wagner Ralf Friedrich, Seeberger Gerhard Konrad, Zeyer Oliver, Büttner Alfred, Rovera Angela, Perlea Paula, Dianišková Simona, Sloth-Lisbjerg Freddie, Campus Guglielmo
机构信息
Department of Cariology, Institute of Odontology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Restorative, Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Department of Periodontology and Operative Dentistry, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Germany; Free Association of German Dentists FVDZ (Freier Verband Deutscher Zahnärzte), Bonn, Germany.
Department of Cariology, Institute of Odontology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
出版信息
Int Dent J. 2025 Aug;75(4):100852. doi: 10.1016/j.identj.2025.100852. Epub 2025 Jun 10.
BACKGROUND
This study examines shifts in dental education, organization of dentists, changes in regulation of dental practice across European countries and comparing differences between 2016 and 2023 of member states of the FDI World Dental Federation and WHO-Europe region.
METHODS
Surveys conducted by the ERO-FDI in 2016 and 2023 included 45 countries (34 ERO and 11 non-members). Data on practice types, legal frameworks, education, and organization were collected via national dental associations. Statistical analyses employed t-tests and Fisher's exact tests to compare the two surveys over time.
RESULTS
Private practice (self-employment) remained the dominant model (48.65%±28.28%, confidence interval (CI) [43.11 / 54.19]), followed by employment in private practice (24.32% ± 20.33%, CI [20.34/28.30]) and group practice (15.27%±20.39%, CI [11.27/19.27]), public health system (13.76%±20.17% (CI [9.81, 17.71]), municipal/national clinic (8.98%±17.86% CI [5.48/12.48]), oral healthcare center (6.61%±14.19% CI [3.83/9.39]), university clinic (4.90%±6.82% CI [3.56/6.24]), and industry (0.36%±0.78% CI [0.21/0.51]). Statistically significant growth was observed in group practice (two-tailed; F=14.53 P < .01) and oral healthcare center (two-tailed; F=30.72 P < .01). Male/female dental student ratio remained stable at approximately 1:2 (two-tailed; F=0.87, P = .66 (m); F=0.85, P = .60 (f)). A total of two-thirds of the countries allow non-dental investor-led oral healthcare centers (P = 1.00).
CONCLUSIONS
European dentistry is currently undergoing significant changes, including an increasing adoption of corporate and group practice models, approximately a 2:1 female to male ratio in dental education, and a growing urban-rural divide in care. Legal frameworks and the increasing involvement of non-dental investors could affect the quality and accessibility of care, particularly in rural areas. Future research should examine the long-term impact of these changes on patient care, dentist satisfaction, and the demand for flexible working models.
背景
本研究考察了欧洲国家牙科教育的转变、牙医的组织形式、牙科执业监管的变化，并比较了2016年至2023年国际牙科联合会（FDI）世界牙科联盟成员国和世界卫生组织欧洲区域成员国之间的差异。
方法
欧洲区域组织-国际牙科联合会（ERO-FDI）在2016年和2023年进行的调查涵盖45个国家（34个欧洲区域组织成员国和11个非成员国）。通过各国牙科协会收集了关于执业类型、法律框架、教育和组织形式的数据。采用t检验和费舍尔精确检验对两次调查随时间的情况进行比较。
结果
私人执业（个体经营）仍是主导模式（48.65%±28.28%，置信区间（CI）[43.11 / 54.19]），其次是在私人诊所就业（24.32% ± 20.33%，CI [20.34/28.30]）和团体执业（15.27%±20.39%，CI [11.27/19.27]）、公共卫生系统（13.76%±20.17%（CI [9.81, 17.71]）、市/国家诊所（8.98%±17.86% CI [5.48/12.48]）、口腔保健中心（6.61%±14.19% CI [3.83/9.39]）、大学诊所（4.90%±6.82% CI [3.56/6.24]）和行业（0.36%±0.78% CI [0.21/0.51]）。团体执业（双尾；F=14.53，P <.01）和口腔保健中心（双尾；F=30.72，P <.01）出现了统计学上的显著增长。牙科专业男女学生比例保持稳定，约为1:2（双尾；F=0.87，P =.66（男）；F=0.85，P =.60（女））。共有三分之二的国家允许非牙科投资者主导的口腔保健中心（P = 1.00）。
结论
欧洲牙科目前正在经历重大变革，包括越来越多地采用公司和团体执业模式、牙科教育中女性与男性比例约为2:1以及医疗服务中城乡差距不断扩大。法律框架以及非牙科投资者参与度的增加可能会影响医疗服务的质量和可及性，尤其是在农村地区。未来的研究应考察这些变化对患者护理、牙医满意度以及灵活工作模式需求的长期影响。
Zotero 插件