Jie Zhang, SiYu Sun, Yu Guo, Fuhao Ren, Guilin Sheng, Huan Wu, Baoquan Zhao, Yiqiang Cai, Chunyan Gu, Yabing Duan
State Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Forestry Biosecurity, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
Institute for the Control of Agrochemicals Jiangsu Province, Nanjing 210036, China.
Pestic Biochem Physiol. 2025 Aug;212:106449. doi: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2025.106449. Epub 2025 May 8.
Fusarium head blight (FHB), caused by the Fusarium graminearum species complex, poses a significant threat to global wheat production and human health due to its high virulence and the ability to produce harmful secondary metabolites. Although various fungicides have been extensively used to control FHB, there is a critical need for more comprehensive information on the resistance of F. graminearum to fluopyram in China. This study evaluated the sensitivity of F. graminearum strains collected from five distinct regions to fluopyram. The EC values for fluopyram ranged from 1.20 to 6.42 μg/mL, with an average value of 3.30 μg/mL. Additionally, fluopyram-resistant mutants were generated in the laboratory by chemical taming, with a resistance frequency of 8.3 × 10-. Furthermore, no significant differences were observed in conidiation, growth rate, and temperature sensitivity between the resistant mutants and the parental strains. It was also determined that fluopyram exhibits positive cross-resistance with pydiflumetofen but no cross-resistance with carbendazim, tebuconazole, and pyraclostrobin. The mutations associated with fluopyram resistance in F. graminearum were identified as SDHB-H248L, SDHC2-A83V, and SDHC2-R86K. Based on these findings, the risk of resistance development in F. graminearum to fluopyram was assessed as moderate. Additionally, it was found that the combination of prothioconazole and fluopyram is more effective than their individual use in field trials. Considering the role of fluopyram in inhibiting DON produced by F. graminearum, it is recommended that fluopyram be used in conjunction with other highly effective fungicides to control FHB, thereby achieving both disease control and mycotoxin reduction.
由禾谷镰刀菌复合种引起的小麦赤霉病，因其高毒力以及产生有害次生代谢产物的能力，对全球小麦生产和人类健康构成了重大威胁。尽管已广泛使用各种杀菌剂来防治小麦赤霉病，但在中国，对于禾谷镰刀菌对氟吡菌酰胺的抗性仍亟需更全面的信息。本研究评估了从五个不同地区收集的禾谷镰刀菌菌株对氟吡菌酰胺的敏感性。氟吡菌酰胺的EC值范围为1.20至6.42μg/mL，平均值为3.30μg/mL。此外，通过化学驯化在实验室中获得了抗氟吡菌酰胺的突变体，抗性频率为8.3×10⁻⁴。此外，抗性突变体与亲本菌株在产孢、生长速率和温度敏感性方面未观察到显著差异。还确定氟吡菌酰胺与氟唑菌酰羟胺表现出正交互抗性，但与多菌灵、戊唑醇和吡唑醚菌酯无交互抗性。禾谷镰刀菌中与氟吡菌酰胺抗性相关的突变被鉴定为SDHB-H248L、SDHC2-A83V和SDHC2-R86K。基于这些发现，禾谷镰刀菌对氟吡菌酰胺产生抗性的风险被评估为中等。此外，在田间试验中发现，丙硫菌唑和氟吡菌酰胺组合使用比单独使用更有效。考虑到氟吡菌酰胺在抑制禾谷镰刀菌产生呕吐毒素方面的作用，建议将氟吡菌酰胺与其他高效杀菌剂联合使用来防治小麦赤霉病，从而实现病害防治和霉菌毒素减少的双重目标。
