Omaveloxolone, But Not Dimethyl Fumarate, Improves Cardiac Function in Friedreich's Ataxia Mice With Severe Cardiomyopathy.

BACKGROUND

Friedreich's ataxia (FA) is a genetic disorder caused by a severe decrease in FXN (frataxin) protein expression in mitochondria. The clinical manifestation of this disorder is a cerebellar ataxia; however, the common lethal component in FA is cardiomyopathy.

METHODS

A conditional Fxn::MCK-Cre knockout (FXN-cKO) mouse model was used to mimic the late-stage severe cardiomyopathy in FA. Nrf2 (nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2) inducers, omaveloxolone and dimethyl fumarate (DMF), were independently tested in this mouse model to determine the effects on cardiac health and lifespan.

RESULTS

Omaveloxolone significantly improved cardiac contractile function and markers of heart failure in FA such as , , and . Despite improvement in cardiac function, omaveloxolone did not prevent premature death in FXN-cKO animals and notably accelerated death in FXN-cKO females. Omaveloxolone decreased oxidative stress and inflammatory marker IL1β (interleukin-1 beta), and stimulated gene expression above control level. DMF restored elevated () expression and significantly increased expression. Although both omaveloxolone and DMF restored decreased SERCA2 ( and MCU () expression and ameliorated elevated phosphorylation of CaMKIIδ at Thr site in FA hearts, DMF did not improve cardiac contractile function and survival. Furthermore, neither omaveloxolone or DMF decreased hypertrophy and fibrosis (Masson trichrome staining and expression) or rescued impaired mitochondrial function and integrative stress response in FXN-cKO hearts.

CONCLUSIONS

These data demonstrate that omaveloxolone significantly improved contractile function but not survival in FA hearts because cardiac fibrosis and wall stress persisted even with omaveloxolone treatment. More studies are warranted to determine the cause of premature death in omaveloxolone-treated FXN-cKO female mice.