Christodoulidis Grigorios, Tsagkidou Kyriaki, Bartzi Dimitra, Prisacariu Ioana A, Agko Eirini S, Koumarelas Konstantinos E, Zacharoulis Dimitrios
Department of General Surgery, University Hospital of Larissa, Larissa 41110, Thessalia, Greece.
Department of Gastroenterology, University Hospital of Larisa, Larisa 41100, Thessalia, Greece.
World J Hepatol. 2025 May 27;17(5):106182. doi: 10.4254/wjh.v17.i5.106182.
Cirrhosis represents the end stage of chronic liver disease, significantly reducing life expectancy as it progresses from a compensated to a decompensated state, leading to serious complications. Recent improvements in medical treatment have created a shift in cirrhosis management. Various causes, including hepatitis viruses, alcohol consumption, and fatty liver disease, contribute to cirrhosis and are closely linked to liver cancer. The disease develops through hepatocyte necrosis and regeneration, resulting in fibrosis and sinusoidal capillarization, leading to portal hypertension and complications such as ascites, hepatic encephalopathy, and organ dysfunction. Cirrhosis also holds an increased risk of hepatocellular carcinoma. Diagnosing cirrhosis involves assessing fibrosis scores through blood tests and measuring liver stiffness through elastography. Liver transplantation is the definitive treatment for end-stage liver disease and acute liver failure.
肝硬化是慢性肝病的终末期，随着病情从代偿期发展到失代偿期，会显著缩短预期寿命，并引发严重并发症。近年来医疗水平的提高使肝硬化的管理发生了转变。包括肝炎病毒、酒精摄入和脂肪性肝病在内的多种病因可导致肝硬化，且与肝癌密切相关。该病通过肝细胞坏死和再生发展，导致纤维化和肝血窦毛细血管化，进而引起门静脉高压以及腹水、肝性脑病和器官功能障碍等并发症。肝硬化还会增加肝细胞癌的发病风险。肝硬化的诊断包括通过血液检测评估纤维化评分以及通过弹性成像测量肝脏硬度。肝移植是终末期肝病和急性肝衰竭的确定性治疗方法。
