Maarifa Nsolo M, Issimail Fahim El-Kassim M, He Jian, Ma Xingyi
School of Biomedical Engineering, School of Science & School of Marine Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, China.
Biosen International and Briteley Institute of Life Sciences, 264600, Shandong, China.
Mater Today Bio. 2025 May 21;32:101886. doi: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2025.101886. eCollection 2025 Jun.
Along with the advancement of DNA nanotechnology, DNA nanomaterials have been extensively explored and applied in the biomedical field. DNA nanoflowers (DNFs), characterized as flower-shaped nanocrystals, have attracted notable interest in the biomedical field because of their large surface area relative to volume and significant surface roughness; enabling high loading capacity. Due to their unique sequence programmability, function designability, and biocompatibility, DNFs have increasingly been researched in biosensing, bioimaging and, drug delivery and therapy. Self-assembly of DNFs enables them to maintain DNA stability and provides additional functions of metal ions, which are difficult to obtain through conventional methods. However, some challenges must be addressed, such as the interaction between DNA and inorganic material and controlling the structural features like petals and DNA sequence. In this review, we discussed the designability of DNFs, we subsequently discuss the synthetic methods and controllable parameters. Then, we enumerate recent applications of DNFs in biosensing, bioimaging, drug delivery and therapy and, templating novel functional materials. Finally, we provide conclusion remarks and perspectives for future directions.
随着DNA纳米技术的进步，DNA纳米材料已在生物医学领域得到广泛探索和应用。DNA纳米花（DNFs）是一种呈花状的纳米晶体，由于其相对体积较大的表面积和显著的表面粗糙度，具有较高的负载能力，因而在生物医学领域引起了广泛关注。由于其独特的序列可编程性、功能可设计性和生物相容性，DNFs在生物传感、生物成像以及药物递送与治疗等方面的研究日益增多。DNFs的自组装使其能够保持DNA的稳定性，并提供金属离子的附加功能，而这些功能通过传统方法难以获得。然而，仍有一些挑战需要解决，例如DNA与无机材料之间的相互作用以及对花瓣和DNA序列等结构特征的控制。在这篇综述中，我们首先讨论了DNFs的可设计性，随后讨论了其合成方法和可控参数。接着，我们列举了DNFs在生物传感、生物成像、药物递送与治疗以及新型功能材料模板化方面的最新应用。最后，我们给出了结论性评论以及对未来发展方向的展望。
