Krumsiek J, Krüger C, Patzold U
Acta Neurol Scand. 1985 Aug;72(2):180-7. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0404.1985.tb00861.x.
The clinical picture of 40 patients with tobacco-alcohol amblyopia (TAA) is described. In 15 patients the course of the disease was studied longitudinally over a period of 31 months. In addition in six patients the acute development of the disease was studied during a period of four weeks in-patient treatment. TAA is characterised by distinct bilateral visual disturbances, symmetric scotomas, acquired disturbances of colour vision and mostly normal fundi. Visual acuity is usually grossly diminished. Central scotomas were present in 80% of the cases while the centrocecal from prevailed in the rest. The acquired disturbances of colour vision usually concerned the red-green sense (84%). The amplitudes of the visual evoked potentials were always reduced and deformed. In 33% we could not detect a P-100. In 5% the latency of the P-100 was prolonged. Full field stimulation was the best method of defining the P-100. By foveal stimulation the deformations of the amplitudes were more evident. The prognosis of the visual disturbances was unpredictable. The abnormalities improved in one half of the patients, but complete recovery was never reached despite substitution with vitamins.
描述了40例烟酒性弱视（TAA）患者的临床表现。对15例患者的病程进行了长达31个月的纵向研究。此外，对6例患者在为期四周的住院治疗期间疾病的急性发展情况进行了研究。烟酒性弱视的特征为明显的双侧视力障碍、对称性暗点、后天性色觉障碍且眼底大多正常。视力通常严重下降。80%的病例存在中心暗点，其余病例以中心-周边型暗点为主。后天性色觉障碍通常涉及红绿色觉（84%）。视觉诱发电位的波幅总是降低且波形畸变。33%的患者未检测到P-100。5%的患者P-100潜伏期延长。全视野刺激是确定P-100的最佳方法。通过黄斑刺激，波幅的畸变更明显。视力障碍的预后不可预测。一半患者的异常情况有所改善，但尽管补充了维生素，仍未完全恢复。
