Rao Sanjna, Kiick Kristi L
Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA.
Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA.
Expert Opin Drug Deliv. 2025 Jun 18:1-19. doi: 10.1080/17425247.2025.2519809.
ECM-inspired nanocarriers have emerged as a promising platform for drug delivery due to their unique advantages over traditional nanocarrier systems. The ECM is a complex three-dimensional network comprising proteins and polysaccharides that play a key role in maintaining tissue function and homeostasis. Recent advances in the design and synthesis of ECM-inspired nanocarriers have resulted in superior efficacy, targeting, and responsive delivery systems.
This review covers ECM-inspired nanocarriers, focusing on their design and fabrication methods, and applications in drug delivery, tissue engineering, and regenerative medicine. Specific focus is placed on nanocarriers derived from elastin, collagen, hyaluronic acid, and their combinations, creating 'conjugate nanoparticles' published in the last 5 years. This review also discusses the benefits of mimicking ECM structure and function, the advantages of each nanoparticle type, challenges associated with large-scale synthesis, and immunogenicity.
ECM-inspired nanocarriers are a novel avenue for the delivery of therapeutics with recent emphasis placed on complex, responsive systems. While substantial progress has been made in the design and application of these nanocarriers in pre-clinical studies, significant challenges remain, particularly concerning immunogenicity, scalability, and the need for more robust clinical data, before these innovations can be widely translated into clinical practice.
受细胞外基质（ECM）启发的纳米载体已成为一种很有前景的药物递送平台，因为它们相对于传统纳米载体系统具有独特优势。ECM是一个由蛋白质和多糖组成的复杂三维网络，在维持组织功能和体内平衡方面起着关键作用。受ECM启发的纳米载体在设计与合成方面的最新进展已带来了卓越的疗效、靶向性和响应性递送系统。
本综述涵盖受ECM启发的纳米载体，重点关注其设计与制造方法，以及在药物递送、组织工程和再生医学中的应用。特别关注源自弹性蛋白、胶原蛋白、透明质酸及其组合的纳米载体，即过去5年中发表的“共轭纳米颗粒”。本综述还讨论了模拟ECM结构和功能的益处、每种纳米颗粒类型的优势、与大规模合成相关的挑战以及免疫原性。
受ECM启发的纳米载体是一种新型的治疗药物递送途径，近期重点在于复杂的响应性系统。虽然在这些纳米载体的设计和临床前研究应用方面已取得了重大进展，但仍存在重大挑战，尤其是在免疫原性、可扩展性方面，以及在这些创新能够广泛转化为临床实践之前，还需要更可靠的临床数据。
