Kamble Akshay, Deore Priyanka, Agrawal Vanshika, Chauhan Adesh, Gulipelli Haneesha, Sharma Satyasheel
Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Ahmedabad (NIPER-A), Gandhinagar, Gujarat - 382355, India.
Department of Natural Products, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Ahmedabad (NIPER-A), Gandhinagar, Gujarat - 382355, India.
Org Biomol Chem. 2025 Jul 2;23(26):6256-6286. doi: 10.1039/d5ob00761e.
Indoles are among the most important N-heterocycles found in natural products, with a wide range of biological and pharmacological properties. The synthesis of naturally occurring complex indole derivatives as well as bioactive synthetic molecules has progressed tremendously. Since many of the bioactive, naturally occurring indole molecules possess polycyclic frameworks, it became essential to develop these scaffolds. In this context, indole derivatives have been utilized as precursors for the synthesis of many important polycyclic indole frameworks. These polycyclic indole molecules also include a fused indole motif. In this regard, there are many fused indole ring systems which can be accessed by indole-2-carboxamide as a key precursor through intramolecular and intermolecular cyclization reactions. This review summarizes the synthetic advancements for the construction of polycyclic fused indole molecules, which have indole-2-carboxamide as a synthetic precursor, and also discusses the synthetic potential and perspective of this essential scaffold. Furthermore, the reaction mechanism of the formation of various fused polycyclic indoles has also been discussed.
吲哚是天然产物中最重要的含氮杂环之一，具有广泛的生物学和药理学特性。天然存在的复杂吲哚衍生物以及具有生物活性的合成分子的合成取得了巨大进展。由于许多具有生物活性的天然吲哚分子具有多环骨架，因此开发这些骨架变得至关重要。在这种背景下，吲哚衍生物已被用作合成许多重要多环吲哚骨架的前体。这些多环吲哚分子还包括一个稠合吲哚基序。在这方面，有许多稠合吲哚环系统可以通过吲哚 -2- 甲酰胺作为关键前体，通过分子内和分子间环化反应来获得。本综述总结了以吲哚 -2- 甲酰胺为合成前体构建多环稠合吲哚分子的合成进展，并讨论了这个重要骨架的合成潜力和前景。此外，还讨论了各种稠合多环吲哚形成的反应机理。
