Fulweiler Robinson W, Rinehart Shelby, Taylor Jason, Kelly Michelle C, Berberich Megan E, Ray Nicholas E, Oczkowski Autumn, Balint Sawyer, Benavides Mar, Church Matthew J, Loeks Brianna, Newell Silvia, Olofsson Malin, Oppong Jimmy Clifford, Roley Sarah S, Vizza Carmella, Wilson Samuel T, Chowdhury Subhadeep, Groffman Peter, Scott J Thad, Marcarelli Amy M
Department of Earth and Environment, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA.
Department of Biology, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA.
Science. 2025 Jun 12;388(6752):1205-1209. doi: 10.1126/science.adt1511.
Biological nitrogen fixation is a key driver of global primary production and climate. Decades of effort have repeatedly updated nitrogen fixation estimates for terrestrial and open ocean systems, yet other aquatic systems in between have largely been ignored. Here we present an evaluation of nitrogen fixation for inland and coastal waters. We demonstrate that water column and sediment nitrogen fixation is ubiquitous across these diverse aquatic habitats, with rates ranging six orders of magnitude. We conservatively estimate that, despite accounting for less than 10% of the global surface area, inland and coastal aquatic systems fix 40 (30 to 54) teragrams of nitrogen per year, equivalent to 15% of the nitrogen fixed on land and in the open ocean. Inland systems contribute more than half of this biological nitrogen fixation.
生物固氮是全球初级生产和气候的关键驱动因素。数十年来的努力不断更新了陆地和开阔海洋系统的固氮估计值，但其间的其他水生系统在很大程度上被忽视了。在此，我们对内陆和沿海水域的固氮情况进行了评估。我们证明，水柱和沉积物中的固氮在这些多样的水生生境中普遍存在，速率范围跨越六个数量级。我们保守估计，尽管内陆和沿海水生系统占全球表面积不到10%，但它们每年固定40（30至54）太克氮，相当于陆地和开阔海洋固氮量的15%。内陆系统贡献了超过一半的这种生物固氮量。
