Belluomo Ilaria, Tarazi Munir, Lao-Kaim Nicholas P, Tai Yen F, Spanel Patrik, Hanna George B
Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Campus, Commonwealth Building, London, UK.
Department of Brain Sciences, Division of Neurology, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Campus, Commonwealth Building, London, UK.
NPJ Parkinsons Dis. 2025 Jun 12;11(1):161. doi: 10.1038/s41531-025-00993-2.
Growing evidence suggests that specific volatile organic compound (VOC) profiles may reflect key pathophysiological processes in Parkinson's disease (PD), including alterations in the microbiome, metabolism, and oxidative stress. Identifying reliable VOC biomarkers could enable non-invasive tests for early diagnosis, disease monitoring, and therapy evaluation. This review examines VOC analysis in biological matrices such as breath, skin, and stool, outlining current research and future applications in PD. We evaluate analytical techniques based on sensitivity, specificity, and clinical applicability. Additionally, we classify VOCs identified in previous studies alongside their proposed biological origins. Special attention is given to short-chain fatty acids, produced by the gut microbiome, a novel target in PD research. Our findings highlight the need for larger cohort studies and standardized protocols to advance VOC-based diagnostics in PD. Understanding the interplay between VOCs and PD may facilitate biomarker discovery, enhancing non-invasive diagnostic strategies and personalized disease management.
越来越多的证据表明，特定的挥发性有机化合物（VOC）谱可能反映帕金森病（PD）的关键病理生理过程，包括微生物群、代谢和氧化应激的改变。识别可靠的VOC生物标志物可以实现用于早期诊断、疾病监测和治疗评估的非侵入性检测。本综述探讨了在呼吸、皮肤和粪便等生物基质中的VOC分析，概述了目前在PD方面的研究和未来应用。我们基于灵敏度、特异性和临床适用性评估分析技术。此外，我们对先前研究中确定的VOC及其提出的生物学来源进行分类。特别关注由肠道微生物群产生的短链脂肪酸，这是PD研究中的一个新靶点。我们的研究结果强调需要进行更大规模的队列研究和标准化方案，以推进基于VOC的PD诊断。了解VOC与PD之间的相互作用可能有助于生物标志物的发现，增强非侵入性诊断策略和个性化疾病管理。
