Kozioł-Kozakowska Agnieszka, Wójcik Małgorzata, Mazur-Kurach Paulina, Drożdż Dorota, Brzęk Anna
Department of Pediatrics, Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Institute of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Medical College, Jagiellonian University, Wielicka 265 St., 30-663 Cracow, Poland.
Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Endocrinology, Chair of Pediatrics, Institute of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Medical College, Jagiellonian University, Wielicka 265 St., 30-663 Cracow, Poland.
Nutrients. 2025 May 26;17(11):1798. doi: 10.3390/nu17111798.
Child and adolescent obesity represents a growing public health crisis, with profound implications for physical and mental well-being. Despite the well-established benefits of physical activity, over 80% of adolescents fail to meet the World Health Organization's (WHO) recommendations for daily exercise. This manuscript explores gym-based strength training as a tailored intervention for obese youth who often struggle with aerobic activities. This paper critically examines medical eligibility, safety protocols, and injury risks while also detailing personalized training regimens that prioritize neuromuscular adaptation, functional strength, and long-term engagement. Additionally, it integrates evidence-based dietary strategies and supplementation practices appropriate for this age group, highlighting the role of the Mediterranean diet, DASH, and the cautious use of supplementation, particularly probiotics and protein, while discouraging performance-enhancing substances in youth. Emphasis is placed on interdisciplinary approaches, combining exercise, nutrition, and medical oversight to support holistic treatment. This study identifies gaps in the current literature and provides practical recommendations for designing safe, effective, and sustainable gym-based interventions for children with obesity, encouraging further research to validate these protocols in clinical settings. A comprehensive search was conducted across multiple databases, including PubMed/MEDLINE, the Cochrane Library, Science Direct, and EBSCO, focusing on English-language meta-analyses, systematic reviews, randomized clinical trials, and observational studies. The websites of prominent scientific organizations such as WHO, APP, and AIS were also reviewed. The selection of articles was a collaborative effort among all authors.
儿童和青少年肥胖是一个日益严重的公共卫生危机，对身心健康有着深远影响。尽管体育活动的益处已得到充分证实，但超过80%的青少年未达到世界卫生组织（WHO）的每日锻炼建议。本手稿探讨以健身房为基础的力量训练，作为对经常在有氧运动中挣扎的肥胖青少年的一种量身定制的干预措施。本文批判性地审视了医学适用性、安全协议和受伤风险，同时详细介绍了个性化训练方案，这些方案优先考虑神经肌肉适应、功能性力量和长期参与度。此外，它整合了适合该年龄组的循证饮食策略和补充剂使用方法，强调地中海饮食、得舒饮食（DASH）的作用，以及谨慎使用补充剂，特别是益生菌和蛋白质，同时不鼓励青少年使用提高成绩的物质。重点是跨学科方法，将运动、营养和医学监督相结合以支持整体治疗。本研究确定了当前文献中的空白，并为为肥胖儿童设计安全、有效和可持续的基于健身房的干预措施提供了实用建议，鼓励进一步研究以在临床环境中验证这些方案。我们在多个数据库中进行了全面搜索，包括PubMed/MEDLINE、Cochrane图书馆、Science Direct和EBSCO，重点关注英文的荟萃分析、系统评价、随机临床试验和观察性研究。我们还查阅了世界卫生组织（WHO）、澳大利亚体育表现协会（APP）和澳大利亚体育学院（AIS）等著名科学组织的网站。文章的选择是所有作者共同努力的结果。
