Lens Marko, Schachter Jacob
Ella Lemelbaum Institute for Immuno Oncology, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel.
Cancers (Basel). 2025 May 30;17(11):1835. doi: 10.3390/cancers17111835.
Melanoma has important burden in older populations due to high incidence and aggressive biology. The emergence of immunotherapy with immune checkpoint inhibitors and targeted therapy (BRAF/MEK inhibitors) significantly improved melanoma prognosis. Currently, the body of knowledge on the efficacy and tolerability of these treatments in geriatric patients is primarily based on the results outside of clinical trials since the majority of clinical studies do not include older patients. We present a comprehensive narrative review of published data regarding efficacy and safety of therapeutic modalities using immune checkpoint inhibitors in patients age 65-75 years and >75 years: the anti-cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA-4) inhibitor (ipilimumab), the anti-programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-1) inhibitors (nivolumab and pembrolizumab), and the lymphocyte activation gene-3 (LAG-3) inhibitor (relatlimab). We carefully address difficulties in multi-disciplinary clinical decision-making in care of older melanoma patients. Although many older patients may not be offered immunotherapy, the available evidence indicates that immunotherapy is equally beneficial in the older patients and does not have higher incidence of adverse events in this group of patients compared to younger population.
由于黑色素瘤发病率高且生物学行为侵袭性强,其在老年人群中造成了重大负担。免疫检查点抑制剂免疫疗法和靶向疗法(BRAF/MEK抑制剂)的出现显著改善了黑色素瘤的预后。目前,关于这些治疗方法在老年患者中的疗效和耐受性的知识主要基于临床试验之外的结果,因为大多数临床研究并未纳入老年患者。我们对已发表的数据进行了全面的叙述性综述,这些数据涉及65至75岁及75岁以上患者使用免疫检查点抑制剂的治疗方式的疗效和安全性:抗细胞毒性T淋巴细胞相关蛋白4(CTLA-4)抑制剂(伊匹单抗)、抗程序性死亡配体1(PD-1)抑制剂(纳武单抗和帕博利珠单抗)以及淋巴细胞激活基因-3(LAG-3)抑制剂(瑞帕利单抗)。我们仔细探讨了老年黑色素瘤患者多学科临床决策中的困难。尽管许多老年患者可能无法接受免疫疗法,但现有证据表明,免疫疗法对老年患者同样有益,且与年轻人群相比,该组患者不良事件的发生率并未更高。
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