Perioperative Strategies in Resectable Non-Squamous Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer with EGFR Mutations and ALK Rearrangement.

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide, ranking first among men and second among women for both incidence and mortality. Surgery remains the primary treatment for early-stage, resectable non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), encompassing stages I and selected cases of stage IIIB. For patients with stage II to III disease, as well as some stage IB tumors, neoadjuvant or adjuvant systemic therapies are recommended. It is well recognized that specific driver gene mutations play a critical role in tumor progression and aggressiveness, and patients with these genetic alterations may benefit from targeted treatment approaches. These alterations are referred to as "druggable", "targetable", or "actionable", representing specific targets for personalized treatments. Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) are now the preferred first-line treatment for patients harboring mutations in EGFR, ALK, ROS1, and BRAF. Additionally, targeted therapies exist for patients with alterations in RET, ERBB2, KRAS, MET, and NTRK, either for those who have received prior treatments or as part of ongoing clinical trials. The success of targeted therapies is reshaping treatment approaches for NSCLC with targetable driver gene alterations, both in early-stage and locally advanced settings. This review focuses on current therapeutic strategies that combine targeted therapies with surgical resection in patients with resectable non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) harboring actionable driver gene alterations.