Szucs Kalman F, Vigh Dora, Mirdamadi Seyedmohsen, Samavati Reza, Schaffer Annamaria, Barna Tamara, Tóth Tamás, Bázár György, Baranyay Henrik, Gaspar Robert
Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Albert Szent-Györgyi Medical School, University of Szeged, 6725 Szeged, Hungary.
Agricultural and Food Research Centre, Széchenyi István University, 9026 Győr, Hungary.
Int J Mol Sci. 2025 May 29;26(11):5221. doi: 10.3390/ijms26115221.
Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) play roles in several physiological and pathophysiological processes, but their effects on reproductive function are controversial. The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of n-3 PUFA-rich fish oil and n-6-rich sunflower oil on sex hormone status, in vivo and in vitro uterine contractility, and endometrial remodeling. Female Sprague Dawley, Lister hooded, and Wistar rats were treated orally for 20 days with 1 mL of tap water, sunflower oil, or fish oil. Blood samples were taken for gonadotropic and sex hormone analysis. In vivo smooth muscle contractions were measured weekly by electromyography. Isolated uterine and cecal contractions were measured after sacrificing the animals. Endometrial remodeling was detected based on the presence of αvβ3 integrin by optical imaging. In Sprague Dawley rats, fish oil increased the LH level and progesterone/estradiol (P4/E2) ratio compared to the sunflower oil-treated group. Uterine contractions were reduced both in vitro and in vivo. Endometrial αvβ3 integrin activity was increased in the fish oil group. In Lister hooded rats, neither sunflower nor fish oil treatments modified the investigated parameters. However, in Wistar rats, both oils increased only the in vivo contractions and reduced the P4/E2 ratio, along with αvβ3 integrin fluorescence. n-3 PUFA-rich fish oil induces a breed-dependent effect on sex hormone status and uterine contractions in rats. The response to PUFA intake may vary significantly within a given species, which may have importance both in animal feeding and human nutrition.
多不饱和脂肪酸（PUFAs）在多种生理和病理生理过程中发挥作用，但其对生殖功能的影响存在争议。本研究旨在探讨富含n-3多不饱和脂肪酸的鱼油和富含n-6的葵花籽油对性激素状态、体内和体外子宫收缩以及子宫内膜重塑的影响。将雌性斯普拉格-道利大鼠、利斯特戴帽大鼠和Wistar大鼠用1 mL自来水、葵花籽油或鱼油口服处理20天。采集血样进行促性腺激素和性激素分析。每周通过肌电图测量体内平滑肌收缩。处死动物后测量分离的子宫和盲肠收缩。通过光学成像基于αvβ3整合素的存在检测子宫内膜重塑。在斯普拉格-道利大鼠中，与葵花籽油处理组相比，鱼油提高了促黄体生成素（LH）水平和孕酮/雌二醇（P4/E2）比值。体内和体外子宫收缩均减少。鱼油组子宫内膜αvβ3整合素活性增加。在利斯特戴帽大鼠中，葵花籽油和鱼油处理均未改变所研究的参数。然而，在Wistar大鼠中，两种油均仅增加了体内收缩并降低了P4/E2比值，同时降低了αvβ3整合素荧光。富含n-3多不饱和脂肪酸的鱼油对大鼠性激素状态和子宫收缩具有品种依赖性影响。在给定物种内，对多不饱和脂肪酸摄入的反应可能有显著差异，这在动物饲养和人类营养方面可能都具有重要意义。
