Snipe Rhiannon M J, Brelis Benjamin, Kappas Christina, Young Julie K, Eishold Lucy, Chui Jie M, Vatvani Meher D, Nigro Gabriella M D, Hamilton D Lee, Convit Lilia, Carr Amelia, Condo Dominique
School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Burwood, Victoria, Australia.
School of Exercise and Nutrition Science, Deakin University, Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, Geelong, Victoria, Australia.
Nutr Diet. 2024 Feb;81(1):94-106. doi: 10.1111/1747-0080.12835. Epub 2023 Aug 6.
This systematic literature review with meta-analysis aimed to determine the effect of omega-3 long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids on prostaglandin levels and pain severity in women with dysmenorrhoea and identify adverse side effects.
A literature search was conducted in Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, MEDLINE complete, CINAHL and AMED databases (PROSPERO CRD42022340371). Included studies provided omega-3 long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids compared to a control in women with dysmenorrhoea and reported pain and/or prostaglandin levels. A random effects meta-analysis with Cohen's d effect size (95% confidence interval) was performed in SPPS for studies that reported pain outcomes. Study quality was assessed using the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics Quality Criteria Checklist.
Twelve studies (n = 881 dysmenorrhoeal women) of predominantly neutral quality (83%) were included that provided daily supplementation of 300-1800 mg omega-3 long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids over 2 or 3 months. Meta-analysis (n = 8 studies) showed a large effect of omega-3 long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (d = -1.020, 95% confidence interval -1.53 to -0.51) at reducing dysmenorrhoea pain. No studies measured prostaglandin levels, 86% of studies measuring analgesic use showed a reduction with omega-3 long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids and few studies reported mild adverse side effects in individual participants.
Findings suggest that daily supplementation of 300-1800 mg omega-3 long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids over 2-3 months are generally well tolerated and reduces pain and analgesic use in women with dysmenorrhoea. However, the neutral quality of research is limited by methodological issues and the mechanism of action remains to be determined.
本项带有荟萃分析的系统性文献综述旨在确定ω-3长链多不饱和脂肪酸对痛经女性前列腺素水平和疼痛严重程度的影响，并识别不良副作用。
在Embase、Scopus、Web of Science、MEDLINE complete、CINAHL和AMED数据库中进行文献检索（国际前瞻性系统评价注册库编号CRD42022340371）。纳入的研究将ω-3长链多不饱和脂肪酸与痛经女性的对照组进行比较，并报告了疼痛和/或前列腺素水平。对于报告了疼痛结果的研究，在SPPS中进行了随机效应荟萃分析，效应量采用科恩d值（95%置信区间）。使用营养与饮食学会质量标准清单评估研究质量。
纳入了12项研究（n = 881名痛经女性），质量大多为中性（83%），这些研究在2或3个月内每日补充300 - 1800毫克ω-3长链多不饱和脂肪酸。荟萃分析（n = 8项研究）显示，ω-3长链多不饱和脂肪酸在减轻痛经疼痛方面有显著效果（d = -1.020，95%置信区间为-1.53至-0.51）。没有研究测量前列腺素水平；86%测量了止痛药物使用情况的研究显示，ω-3长链多不饱和脂肪酸可减少止痛药物的使用，少数研究报告个别参与者有轻微不良副作用。
研究结果表明，在2 - 3个月内每日补充300 - 1800毫克ω-3长链多不饱和脂肪酸通常耐受性良好，可减轻痛经女性的疼痛并减少止痛药物的使用。然而，研究质量为中性受到方法学问题的限制，作用机制仍有待确定。
