Wang Jie, Wei Xiaoli, Guo Changying, Xu Chengti, Zhao Yuanyuan, Pu Xiaojian, Wang Wei
Academy of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China.
Key Laboratory of Northwest Cultivated Land Conservation and Marginal Land Improvement Enterprises, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Delingha 817000, China.
Int J Mol Sci. 2025 May 29;26(11):5246. doi: 10.3390/ijms26115246.
Alfalfa, as a high-quality forage resource, has high nutritional value. Due to the high phenotypic similarity among its varieties and the susceptibility to environmental influences, challenges are encountered in variety identification and breeding. In this study, 23 simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers were screened to distinguish 49 alfalfa varieties, among which 21 SSR markers showed polymorphic fragments. The results indicated that these 21 markers were highly polymorphic, with an average of 5.91 alleles per SSR marker locus and an average polymorphic information content (PIC) of 0.66, suggesting a strong discriminatory efficiency. The results of a population genetic diversity analysis showed that there was a relatively high level of genetic diversity among the tested materials. The analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) results indicated that the genetic variation within the population of the 49 alfalfa germplasm samples was the main source of the total variation. The results of genetic distance and genetic identity analyses showed that the genetic relationship between population 1 and population 4 was the most distant, while the relationship between population 2 and population 3 was the closest. The cluster analysis results showed that samples S16 and S55 formed a separate branch; that is, there were two main genetic subgroups. These results confirm that SSR markers are effective tools for genetic characterization and precise discrimination of alfalfa varieties and have important application values in breeding, variety registration, and germplasm resource conservation.
紫花苜蓿作为一种优质饲料资源，具有很高的营养价值。由于其品种间表型相似度高且易受环境影响，在品种鉴定和育种方面面临挑战。本研究筛选了23个简单序列重复（SSR）标记以区分49个紫花苜蓿品种，其中21个SSR标记显示出多态性片段。结果表明，这21个标记具有高度多态性，每个SSR标记位点平均有5.91个等位基因，平均多态信息含量（PIC）为0.66，表明具有很强的鉴别效率。群体遗传多样性分析结果表明，受试材料间存在较高水平的遗传多样性。分子方差分析（AMOVA）结果表明，49份紫花苜蓿种质样本群体内的遗传变异是总变异的主要来源。遗传距离和遗传同一性分析结果表明，群体1和群体4之间的遗传关系最远，而群体2和群体3之间的关系最密切。聚类分析结果表明，样本S16和S55形成一个单独的分支；即存在两个主要的遗传亚组。这些结果证实，SSR标记是紫花苜蓿品种遗传特征鉴定和精确鉴别的有效工具，在育种、品种登记和种质资源保存方面具有重要应用价值。
