Kado Soichiro, Komine Mayumi
Department of Dermatology, Jichi Medical University, 3311-1 Yakushiji, Shimotsuke 329-0498, Tochigi, Japan.
Department of Biochemistry, Jichi Medical University, 3311-1 Yakushiji, Shimotsuke 329-0498, Tochigi, Japan.
Int J Mol Sci. 2025 Jun 3;26(11):5370. doi: 10.3390/ijms26115370.
Melanoma treatment comprised a few treatment choices with insufficient efficacy before the emergence of molecularly targeted medication and immune checkpoint inhibitors, which dramatically improved patient outcomes. B-Rapidly Accelerated Fibrosarcoma (BRAF) and Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase (MAPK) Kinase (MEK) inhibitors significantly improved survival in -mutant melanoma and immune checkpoint inhibitors, such as anti-programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) and Cytotoxic T-Lymphocyte Antigen 4 (CTLA-4) agents, established new standards of care. Challenges remain, however, including the existence of resistance mechanisms and the reduced efficacy of immune-based therapies in Asian populations, particularly for acral and mucosal subtypes. This review highlights historical and current therapeutic advancements, discusses regional considerations, and explores emerging strategies aiming at globally optimizing melanoma management.
在分子靶向药物和免疫检查点抑制剂出现之前，黑色素瘤的治疗选择有限且疗效不佳，而这些药物显著改善了患者的预后。B-raf原癌基因（BRAF）和丝裂原活化蛋白激酶（MAPK）激酶（MEK）抑制剂显著提高了BRAF突变型黑色素瘤患者的生存率，免疫检查点抑制剂，如抗程序性细胞死亡蛋白1（PD-1）和细胞毒性T淋巴细胞相关抗原4（CTLA-4）药物，确立了新的治疗标准。然而，挑战依然存在，包括耐药机制的存在以及免疫疗法在亚洲人群中疗效降低，尤其是对于肢端和黏膜亚型。本文综述重点介绍了黑色素瘤治疗的历史和当前进展，讨论了区域因素，并探索旨在全球范围内优化黑色素瘤管理的新兴策略。
