Darabošová Anna, Bubeníková Tatiana, Čabalová Iveta, Badida Miroslav, Olgun Çağrı, Tor Önder, Öncel Mustafa
Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technologies, Faculty of Wood Sciences and Technology, Technical University in Zvolen, 960 01 Zvolen, Slovakia.
Department of Business Management and Economics, Institute of Industrial Engineering, Management and Applied Mathematics, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Košice, 042 00 Košice, Slovakia.
Polymers (Basel). 2025 May 22;17(11):1438. doi: 10.3390/polym17111438.
The growing volume of plastic waste from end-of-life vehicles presents environmental concerns, driving efforts to integrate recycled plastics. This study investigates the possibility of using recycled plastic from automotive parts (painted and unpainted bumpers, fuel tanks) as a 10% filler in the core layer of three-layer particleboards (P) and evaluates its impact on physical properties (water absorption-WA and thickness swelling-TS), mechanical properties (internal bonding strength-IB, modulus of rupture-MOR, modulus of elasticity-MOE and screw driving torque-SDT) and volatile organic compounds-VOC emissions. The boards were produced using conventional hot-pressing technology and analyzed according to applicable standards. Based on the results, the density of the reference (P) was 0.72 g·cm, while wood-plastic composites ranged from 0.70 g·cm to 0.72 g·cm. After 24 h, WA reached 40% for reference (P) and from 36.9% (for (P) containing unpainted bumpers) to 41.9% (for (P) containing fuel tanks). TS reached 18% for (P) and from 16.8% (for (P) containing unpainted bumpers and fuel tanks) to 18.1% (for (P) containing painted bumpers). Plastic is a hydrophobic material and it is assumed that by increasing the proportion of plastic filler in the particleboards, the WA and TS of prepared boards will decrease. From the point of view of mechanical properties, values for (P) containing plastic filler were slightly lower compared to reference (P). The lowest value of IB (0.39 MPa) were reached for (P) containing painted bumpers. Plastic surface treatment could interfere with adhesion between the plastic and adhesive, weakening the bond in the core layer. For this reason, is preferable to use unpainted fillers, which provide better adhesive properties and higher structural integrity. VOC emissions from wood components consisted primarily of monoterpenes such as α-pinene, 3-carene and limonene. Adding 10% plastic to the particleboard did not increase overall VOC emissions. On the other hand, combining wood and plastic particles resulted in a reduction in overall VOC emissions. The findings confirm that recycled automotive plastics can be effectively incorporated into particleboards, maintaining standard performance while reducing reliance on virgin wood materials, making them a viable and sustainable alternative for furniture and interior applications.
报废车辆产生的塑料垃圾数量不断增加，引发了环境问题，促使人们努力整合回收塑料。本研究调查了将汽车零部件（喷漆和未喷漆的保险杠、燃油箱）中的回收塑料作为10%的填料用于三层刨花板（P）芯层的可能性，并评估其对物理性能（吸水率-WA和厚度膨胀率-TS）、机械性能（内结合强度-IB、抗弯强度-MOR、弹性模量-MOE和拧螺丝扭矩-SDT）以及挥发性有机化合物-VOC排放的影响。这些板材采用传统热压技术生产，并根据适用标准进行分析。根据结果，参考板材（P）的密度为0.72 g·cm³，而木塑复合材料的密度在0.70 g·cm³至0.72 g·cm³之间。24小时后，参考板材（P）的吸水率达到40%，含未喷漆保险杠的板材（P）吸水率为36.9%，含燃油箱的板材（P）吸水率为41.9%。板材（P）的厚度膨胀率达到18%，含未喷漆保险杠和燃油箱的板材（P）厚度膨胀率为16.8%，含喷漆保险杠的板材（P）厚度膨胀率为18.1%。塑料是一种疏水材料，据推测，通过增加刨花板中塑料填料的比例，制备板材的吸水率和厚度膨胀率将会降低。从机械性能的角度来看，含塑料填料的板材（P）的值与参考板材（P）相比略低。含喷漆保险杠的板材（P）内结合强度最低，为0.39 MPa。塑料表面处理可能会干扰塑料与胶粘剂之间的附着力，削弱芯层的粘结力。因此，最好使用未喷漆的填料，其具有更好的胶粘性能和更高的结构完整性。木材成分的VOC排放主要由单萜类化合物组成，如α-蒎烯、3-蒈烯和柠檬烯。在刨花板中添加10%的塑料不会增加总体VOC排放。另一方面，将木材和塑料颗粒结合使用会导致总体VOC排放减少。研究结果证实，回收的汽车塑料可以有效地融入刨花板中，在保持标准性能的同时减少对原生木材材料的依赖，使其成为家具和室内应用中可行且可持续的替代品。
