Bray N W, Turner L A, Hersh R E
Am J Ment Defic. 1985 Sep;90(2):198-205.
Developmental changes in the use of strategies to eliminate interference from irrelevant information in memory were investigated. The participants in the first experiment were 11-, 15-, and 18-year-old EMR students, and those in the second experiment were 30-year-old retarded and nonretarded adults. In both experiments a directed forgetting paradigm was used in which the person was presented two sets of pictures but only recalled one set on a trial. On some trials there was a cue to forget the first set and to remember only the second set. The cue to forget was not used by the youngest group of students. The 15- and 18-year-olds used the cue, but interference from the to-be-forgotten items remained. The 30-year-old retarded group regressed to the performance pattern of the youngest group, whereas the nonretarded adults used appropriate selective remembering strategies. The implications of developmental changes in the memory performance of retarded persons were discussed.
研究了在消除记忆中无关信息干扰时策略使用的发展变化。第一个实验的参与者是11岁、15岁和18岁的教育资源异常（EMR）学生，第二个实验的参与者是30岁的智障和非智障成年人。在两个实验中都使用了定向遗忘范式，即向参与者呈现两组图片，但在一次试验中只回忆一组。在一些试验中，有一个提示让参与者忘记第一组，只记住第二组。最年幼的学生组没有使用遗忘提示。15岁和18岁的学生使用了该提示，但来自要被遗忘项目的干扰仍然存在。30岁的智障组退回到了最年幼组的表现模式，而非智障成年人则使用了适当的选择性记忆策略。讨论了智障者记忆表现发展变化的影响。
