Tang M, Liu Y, Qin R, Guo X, Li H
Institute of Reproductive and Child Health/National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Peking University School of Public Health, Beijing 100191, China.
Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Peking University School of Public Health, Beijing 100191, China.
Beijing Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban. 2025 Jun 18;57(3):442-447. doi: 10.19723/j.issn.1671-167X.2025.03.006.
To describe the prevalence of myopia and pre-myopia among preschool children aged 5-6 years in ten provinces or municipalities (hereinafter referred to as province) of China, and to provide a reference for the prevention and control of myopia, and the allocation of related health resources.
Convenience sampling was used to select preschool children aged 5-6 years from 21 cities in 10 provinces (including 8 provinces and 2 municipalities) in China. Cycloplegic autorefraction was conducted. The distribution of myopia and pre-myopia was described using frequencies and percentages. The Chi-square test was used to compare the differences in the prevalence of myopia and pre-myopia between regions with different varying economic development levels and between boys and girls, with a significance level of α=0.05.
A total of 12 926 preschool children aged 5-6 years were surveyed. The myopia prevalence was 5.5%, and the overall prevalence of myopia and pre-myopia was 43.4%. Boys had higher rates of myopia and overall prevalence of myopia and pre-myopia than girls (5.7% 5.2%, 46.4% 40.1%), though the difference in myopia prevalence was not statistically significant. Stratified analysis by the province, there was no statistically significant differences in the prevalence of myopia between boys and girls in any province (>0.05), but in 8 provinces, the prevalence of myopia in boys was slightly higher than in girls. The overall prevalence of myopia and pre-myopia in boys was higher than in girls across all the 10 provinces, with 5 provinces showing statistically significant differences ( < 0.05). The investigated areas were divided into two categories, relatively more-developed areas and relatively less-developed areas, based on per capita gross domestic product (GDP). In 6 provinces, there was no statistically significant difference in the prevalence of myopia between the two categories of areas. In 2 provinces, the prevalence was higher in relatively more-developed areas, and in 2 provinces, it was higher in relatively less-developed areas. In 4 provinces, there was no statistically significant difference in the overall prevalence of myopia and pre-myopia between the two categories of areas with relatively more-developed and relatively less-developed areas. In 3 provinces, the prevalence was higher in relatively more-developed areas, and in 3 provinces, it was higher in relatively less-developed areas.
The prevalence of myopia and pre-myopia among preschool children aged 5-6 years is relatively high. Boys show higher overall prevalence of myopia and pre-myopia than girls, but there is no significant difference in the prevalence of myopia. There is no consistent association between the level of economic development and the incidence of myopia and pre-myopia in each province.
描述中国10个省或直辖市（以下简称省）5-6岁学龄前儿童近视及近视前期的患病率，为近视防控及相关卫生资源的分配提供参考。
采用方便抽样法，从中国10个省（包括8个省和2个直辖市）的21个城市中选取5-6岁学龄前儿童。进行散瞳验光。采用频数和百分比描述近视及近视前期的分布情况。采用卡方检验比较不同经济发展水平地区以及男童和女童之间近视及近视前期患病率的差异，显著性水平α=0.05。
共调查了12926名5-6岁学龄前儿童。近视患病率为5.5%，近视及近视前期的总体患病率为43.4%。男童的近视患病率以及近视及近视前期的总体患病率均高于女童（分别为5.7%对5.2%，46.4%对40.1%），尽管近视患病率的差异无统计学意义。按省份进行分层分析，各省份男童和女童的近视患病率均无统计学差异（>0.05），但在8个省份中，男童的近视患病率略高于女童。在所有10个省份中，男童近视及近视前期的总体患病率均高于女童，其中5个省份存在统计学差异（< = 0.05）。根据人均国内生产总值（GDP）将调查地区分为两类，相对发达地区和相对欠发达地区。在6个省份中，两类地区的近视患病率无统计学差异。在2个省份中，相对发达地区的患病率较高，在2个省份中，相对欠发达地区的患病率较高。在4个省份中，相对发达地区和相对欠发达地区两类地区近视及近视前期的总体患病率无统计学差异。在3个省份中，相对发达地区的患病率较高，在3个省份中，相对欠发达地区的患病率较高。
5-6岁学龄前儿童近视及近视前期的患病率较高。男童近视及近视前期的总体患病率高于女童，但近视患病率无显著差异。各省份的经济发展水平与近视及近视前期的发病率之间没有一致的关联。
