Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics, and Epidemiology (IMISE), Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany.
Leipzig Research Centre for Civilization Diseases (LIFE), Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany.
Ophthalmic Physiol Opt. 2021 May;41(3):496-511. doi: 10.1111/opo.12814.
To evaluate ocular biometry in a large paediatric population as a function of age and sex in children of European descent.
Children were examined as part of the LIFE Child Study (Leipzig Research Centre for Civilization Disease), a population-based study in Leipzig, Germany. Altogether, 1907 children, aged from 4 to 17 years, were examined with the Lenstar LS 900. Data from the right eye was analysed for axial length, central corneal thickness, flat and steep corneal radii, aqueous depth, lens thickness and vitreous depth. Wavefront-based autorefraction was employed for analysis.
Axial length increased in girls from 21.6 mm (4 years) up to 23.4 mm (17 years); this increase (0.174 mm per year) was statistically significant up to age 14 (23.3 mm). Axial length increased in boys from 22.2 mm (4 years) up to 23.9 mm (17 years); this increase (0.178 mm per year) was statistically significant up to age 10 (23.3 mm). No change was observed for central corneal thickness (average: girls 550 µm; boys 554 µm). Corneal curvature in girls was somewhat flatter at age 4 (7.70 mm) compared to age 10 (7.78 mm), whereas it was constant in boys (7.89 mm). Aqueous depth at age 4 was 2.73 mm for girls and 2.86 mm for boys, with the same rate of increase per year (girls: 0.046 mm; boys: 0.047 mm) from age 4 to 10. At age 17, aqueous depth was 3.06 mm in girls and 3.20 mm in boys. Lens thickness was reduced from age 4 (3.75 mm) to age 10 (3.47 mm) in girls and from age 4 (3.73 mm) to age 10 (3.44 mm) in boys, with the same rate of decrease per year of 0.046 and 0.047 mm, respectively. At age 17, lens thickness was 3.52 mm in girls and 3.50 mm in boys. Vitreous depth at age 4 was 14.51 mm for girls and 15.08 mm for boys; with 0.156 mm (girls) or 0.140 mm (boys) increase per year until age 14 (girls: 16.08 mm; boys: 16.48 mm). At age 17, vitreous depth was 16.29 mm in girls and 16.62 mm in boys.
Eye growth (axial length) in girls showed a lag of about four years compared to boys. Aqueous depth increase matches the lens thickness decrease from ages 4 to 10 years in girls and boys. Lens thickness minimum is reached at 11 years in girls and at 12 years in boys. All dimensions of the optical ocular components are closely correlated with axial length. These data may serve as normative values for the assessment of eye growth in central European children and will provide a basis for monitoring refractive error development.
评估欧洲裔儿童的眼部生物测量与年龄和性别的关系。
儿童作为莱比锡生活中心（德国莱比锡的一项基于人群的研究）的一部分接受检查。共有 1907 名年龄在 4 至 17 岁的儿童接受了 Lenstar LS 900 检查。对右眼的轴向长度、中央角膜厚度、平坦和陡峭角膜半径、房水深度、晶状体厚度和玻璃体深度进行了分析。采用基于波前的自动折射仪进行分析。
女孩的轴向长度从 4 岁时的 21.6mm 增加到 17 岁时的 23.4mm；这种增加（每年 0.174mm）在 14 岁之前是统计学显著的（23.3mm）。男孩的轴向长度从 4 岁时的 22.2mm 增加到 17 岁时的 23.9mm；这种增加（每年 0.178mm）在 10 岁之前是统计学显著的（23.3mm）。中央角膜厚度没有变化（女孩平均 550µm；男孩 554µm）。女孩在 4 岁时的角膜曲率（7.70mm）比 10 岁时（7.78mm）略平坦，而男孩的角膜曲率则保持不变（7.89mm）。女孩在 4 岁时的房水深度为 2.73mm，男孩为 2.86mm，每年的增长率（女孩：0.046mm；男孩：0.047mm）相同，从 4 岁到 10 岁。在 17 岁时，女孩的房水深度为 3.06mm，男孩为 3.20mm。晶状体厚度从 4 岁（3.75mm）到 10 岁（3.47mm）减少，在女孩和男孩中分别减少了每年 0.046 和 0.047mm，晶状体厚度在 17 岁时分别为 3.52mm 和 3.50mm。玻璃体深度在 4 岁时，女孩为 14.51mm，男孩为 15.08mm；从 4 岁到 14 岁，每年增加 0.156mm（女孩）或 0.140mm（男孩）（女孩：16.08mm；男孩：16.48mm）。在 17 岁时，玻璃体深度分别为 16.29mm 和 16.62mm。
与男孩相比，女孩的眼球生长（轴向长度）滞后约 4 年。从 4 岁到 10 岁，女孩和男孩的房水深度增加与晶状体厚度减少相匹配。晶状体厚度的最小值在女孩 11 岁和男孩 12 岁时达到。光学眼部件的所有尺寸都与轴向长度密切相关。这些数据可作为评估中欧儿童眼球生长的参考值，并为监测屈光不正的发展提供基础。
