is a significant pathogenic bacterium responsible for a range of infections. The escalating prominence of in hospital-acquired infections is a deeply alarming trend that demands immediate attention and rigorous intervention. This article provides an up-to-date review of 's virulence factors, pathogenesis, and the mechanism driving drug resistance. It also explores the potential for safe and effective vaccine developments, vital for preventing and controlling these diseases. Furthermore, we summarize the epidemiological characteristics of classical and hypervirulent infections, providing an overview of drug-resistance emergence, transmission, and prevalence.