van der Put Robert M F, Metz Bernard, Pieters Roland J
Intravacc, P.O. Box 450, 3720 AL Bilthoven, The Netherlands.
Department of Chemical Biology & Drug Discovery, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, P.O. Box 80082, 3508 TB Utrecht, The Netherlands.
Vaccines (Basel). 2023 Jan 19;11(2):219. doi: 10.3390/vaccines11020219.
Glycoconjugate vaccines have proven their worth in the protection and prevention of infectious diseases. The introduction of the type b vaccine is the prime example, followed by other glycoconjugate vaccines. Glycoconjugate vaccines consist of two components: the carrier protein and the carbohydrate antigen. Current carrier proteins are tetanus toxoid, diphtheria toxoid, CRM197, Haemophilus protein D and the outer membrane protein complex of serogroup B meningococcus. Carbohydrate antigens have been produced mainly by extraction and purification from the original host. However, current efforts show great advances in the development of synthetically produced oligosaccharides and bioconjugation. This review evaluates the advances of glycoconjugate vaccines in the last five years. We focus on developments regarding both new carriers and antigens. Innovative developments regarding carriers are outer membrane vesicles, glycoengineered proteins, new carrier proteins, virus-like particles, protein nanocages and peptides. With regard to conjugated antigens, we describe recent developments in the field of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and ESKAPE pathogens.
糖缀合物疫苗已在传染病的防护和预防中证明了自身价值。b型疫苗的引入就是一个主要例子，随后还有其他糖缀合物疫苗。糖缀合物疫苗由两种成分组成：载体蛋白和碳水化合物抗原。目前的载体蛋白有破伤风类毒素、白喉类毒素、CRM197、流感嗜血杆菌蛋白D以及B群脑膜炎球菌的外膜蛋白复合物。碳水化合物抗原主要是通过从原始宿主中提取和纯化产生的。然而，目前的研究在合成寡糖和生物偶联物的开发方面取得了巨大进展。本综述评估了过去五年中糖缀合物疫苗的进展。我们关注新载体和抗原方面的进展。载体方面的创新进展包括外膜囊泡、糖工程化蛋白、新的载体蛋白、病毒样颗粒、蛋白质纳米笼和肽。关于结合抗原，我们描述了抗菌药物耐药性（AMR）和ESKAPE病原体领域的最新进展。
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