S Ankit Kumar Bharti, Gopalakrishnan Abilash Valsala
Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Bio-Sciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632014, India.
Biol Trace Elem Res. 2025 Jun 13. doi: 10.1007/s12011-025-04692-0.
Lead is a major environmental pollutant and a poisonous substance that induces oxidative stress. It is responsible for several serious diseases associated with its toxicity. Its presence in the environment mostly affects children, mining workers, and pregnant women. Multiple studies are underway to investigate the mechanisms of lead-induced renal damage and associated diseases. Several mechanisms contribute to lead-induced nephrotoxicity, resulting in nephron damage and eventually inducing acute kidney injury (AKI) and chronic kidney disease (CKD). Chelation therapy is currently the main approach for the treatment of lead toxicity. However, recent research is increasingly exploring the potential of naturally occurring bioactive compounds, plant-derived extracts, and nanotechnology-based strategies as alternative treatments for lead poisoning. This review focuses on the mechanistic effects of toxicity and the various categories of compounds that have a beneficial impact on lead-induced renal toxicity. Plant extracts are significant in mitigating lead intoxication. A combination of phyto-bioactive and chelating agents is used for the treatment of lead toxicity. Cerium- and selenium-derived nanoparticles are used for therapeutic purposes. Further research is required to investigate the therapeutic potential of these therapeutic interventions.
铅是一种主要的环境污染物和诱导氧化应激的有毒物质。它会引发多种与其毒性相关的严重疾病。其在环境中的存在主要影响儿童、矿工和孕妇。多项研究正在进行，以探究铅诱导肾损伤及相关疾病的机制。多种机制导致铅诱导的肾毒性，造成肾单位损伤，最终引发急性肾损伤（AKI）和慢性肾病（CKD）。螯合疗法是目前治疗铅中毒的主要方法。然而，最近的研究越来越多地探索天然存在的生物活性化合物、植物提取物和基于纳米技术的策略作为铅中毒替代治疗方法的潜力。本综述重点关注毒性的作用机制以及对铅诱导的肾毒性有有益影响的各类化合物。植物提取物在减轻铅中毒方面具有重要意义。植物生物活性物质和螯合剂联合用于治疗铅中毒。铈和硒衍生的纳米颗粒用于治疗目的。需要进一步研究这些治疗干预措施的治疗潜力。
