Khan Arslan Muhammad Ali, Ambrose Silla, Abbas Rao Zahid
Department of Parasitology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38040, Pakistan.
Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
Arch Microbiol. 2025 Jun 13;207(8):175. doi: 10.1007/s00203-025-04370-8.
Newcastle disease virus (NDV) is a serious danger to the world's poultry industry and can result in huge financial losses. Emerging virus strains and vaccination failures pose a threat to traditional control measures like vaccination, which is why other approaches must be investigated. The antiviral qualities of thymol and carvacrol, two important constituents of essential oils (EOs), are discussed in this review as a potential strategy to counteract NDV. These substances, which are isolated from a variety of aromatic plants, have a wide range of biological properties, such as immunomodulatory, antioxidant, and antiviral properties. Through a variety of methods, like breakdown of the viral envelope and suppression of viral entry and replication, thymol and carvacrol prevent viruses from replicating. The effectiveness of NDV control is increased by its capacity to alter the host immunological response. The extraction processes of these substances are compiled in this review, with a focus on cutting-edge approaches such as supercritical fluid extraction, which provide more sustainability and efficiency. Numerous investigations have demonstrated antiviral actions of carvacrol and thymol against NDV, highlighting their potential as natural substitutes for traditional antiviral treatments. Even though these EOs compounds show encouraging outcomes, further study is required to maximize their use in poultry.
新城疫病毒（NDV）对全球家禽业构成严重威胁，并可能导致巨大的经济损失。新出现的病毒株和疫苗接种失败对疫苗接种等传统控制措施构成威胁，这就是为什么必须研究其他方法的原因。本综述讨论了百里香酚和香芹酚这两种精油（EOs）的重要成分的抗病毒特性，作为对抗NDV的潜在策略。这些从多种芳香植物中分离出来的物质具有广泛的生物学特性，如免疫调节、抗氧化和抗病毒特性。百里香酚和香芹酚通过多种方法，如破坏病毒包膜以及抑制病毒进入和复制，来阻止病毒复制。其改变宿主免疫反应的能力提高了NDV控制的有效性。本综述汇编了这些物质的提取工艺，重点关注超临界流体萃取等前沿方法，这些方法具有更高的可持续性和效率。大量研究表明香芹酚和百里香酚对NDV具有抗病毒作用，突出了它们作为传统抗病毒治疗天然替代品的潜力。尽管这些精油化合物显示出令人鼓舞的结果，但仍需要进一步研究以最大限度地将其用于家禽。
