Hu Faquan, Gong Qian, Xiong Liyuan, Zhao Wei, Li Lingxiu, Zheng Yujiao
College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, No. 1 Qianjiang Road, Hefei, 230012, China.
Diabetol Metab Syndr. 2025 Jun 13;17(1):210. doi: 10.1186/s13098-025-01777-7.
Brain resting-state functional networks and sleep habits are associated with Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However, the causal mediating effect between them remains largely unexplored.
We analyzed data from 20,994 U.S. adults in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) and 8,652 Chinese adults from the China Health and Aging Longitudinal Study (CHARLS), focusing on sleep habits and the incidence of T2DM. Two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) was employed to assess the causal relationships between sleep habits, resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI), and T2DM. Furthermore, a mediation analysis was conducted to examine the role of rs-fMRI in moderating the association between sleep patterns and T2DM.
In the Chinese population, daytime naps lasting 0-0.25 h (β = 0.365) and more than 0.5 h (β = 0.039), along with nighttime sleep of less than 5 h (β = 0.049) and more than 9 h of sleep overall (β = 0.124) were linked to a higher risk of T2DM. Similarly, in the U.S. population, sleeping less than 5 h (β = 0.056), 5-6 h (β = 0.034), and more than 8 h (β = 0.052) also significantly increased the risk of T2DM. Moreover, sleeping in later than 1:00 a.m. or before 10:00 p.m. raises the chance of acquiring T2DM. A correlation between the incidence of T2DM and increased connectivity in the default mode network (DMN), visual network (VN), central executive network, (CEN), and motor networks (MN) was found by MR analysis. Additionally, mediation analysis revealed that sleep disorders, naps during the day, and daytime sleep affect T2DM morbidity via changing connectivity in the central executive, motor, and default mode networks.
According to our research, changed brain functional network connectivity and sleep habits, significantly influence the risk of T2DM. This demonstrates the critical function that brain networks play in modulating the link between sleep patterns and the prevalence of T2DM.
大脑静息态功能网络与睡眠习惯和2型糖尿病（T2DM）相关。然而，它们之间的因果中介效应在很大程度上仍未得到探索。
我们分析了美国国家健康与营养检查调查（NHANES）中20994名美国成年人以及中国健康与养老纵向研究（CHARLS）中8652名中国成年人的数据，重点关注睡眠习惯和T2DM的发病率。采用两样本孟德尔随机化（MR）来评估睡眠习惯、静息态功能磁共振成像（rs-fMRI）和T2DM之间的因果关系。此外，进行了中介分析以检验rs-fMRI在调节睡眠模式与T2DM之间关联中的作用。
在中国人群中，持续0 - 0.25小时（β = 0.365）和超过0.5小时（β = 0.039）的白天小睡，以及少于5小时的夜间睡眠（β = 0.049）和总体超过9小时的睡眠（β = 0.124）与更高的T2DM风险相关。同样，在美国人群中，睡眠少于5小时（β = 0.056）、5 - 6小时（β = 0.034）和超过8小时（β = 0.052）也显著增加了T2DM的风险。此外，凌晨1点后入睡或晚上10点前入睡会增加患T2DM的几率。通过MR分析发现T2DM发病率与默认模式网络（DMN）、视觉网络（VN）、中央执行网络（CEN）和运动网络（MN）中连接性增加之间存在相关性。此外，中介分析表明睡眠障碍、白天小睡和白天睡眠通过改变中央执行、运动和默认模式网络中的连接性来影响T2DM的发病率。
根据我们的研究，大脑功能网络连接性和睡眠习惯的改变显著影响T2DM的风险。这证明了大脑网络在调节睡眠模式与T2DM患病率之间的联系中所起的关键作用。
