Turker-Yavas Firuze, Sevil-Kilimci Figen, Ocal Mehmet Kamil
Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Aydın Adnan Menderes University, Aydin, Turkey.
J Morphol. 2025 Jun;286(6):e70060. doi: 10.1002/jmor.70060.
The stifle joint is among the most commonly injured joints in dogs. Detailed functional information is required to identify the causes of damage and determine the most appropriate treatment strategy. The lateral condyle of the femur and its attaching structures play an important role in joint stability, which is essential for proper joint movement. The long digital extensor and popliteus muscles originate from the lateral condyle, and their functions have not been described properlyresulting in contrasting functional interpretations. In this study, we suggest new functional hypothesses for these muscles based on their origin coordinates from the lateral condyle in dogs. The popliteus muscle may act as either an extensor or a flexor depending on the stifle angle during the stance phase, in addition to facilitating rotational movement. The long digital extensor muscle functions as an extensor of the joint and may prevent the lateral condyle from slipping caudally during stifle extension. It may also help prevent cranial tibial thrust on the lateral side of the tibial plateau during extension. From a parcticioner point of view we suggest that, during the stifle surgery, the muscles are preserved as much as possible.
stifle关节是犬类中最常受伤的关节之一。需要详细的功能信息来确定损伤原因并制定最合适的治疗策略。股骨外侧髁及其附着结构在关节稳定性中起重要作用，这对于关节的正常运动至关重要。趾长伸肌和腘肌起源于外侧髁，其功能尚未得到恰当描述，导致了功能解释的差异。在本研究中，我们根据犬类外侧髁的起始坐标，为这些肌肉提出了新的功能假设。腘肌在站立阶段可能根据 stifle角度充当伸肌或屈肌，此外还促进旋转运动。趾长伸肌作为关节的伸肌，可能在 stifle伸展时防止外侧髁向尾侧滑动。它还可能有助于在伸展时防止胫骨平台外侧的胫骨向前推力。从从业者的角度来看，我们建议在 stifle手术期间尽可能保留这些肌肉。
