Kowalski Tomasz, Schumann Moritz, Klich Sebastian, Zanini Michele
Department of Physiology, Institute of Sport-National Research Institute, Warsaw, Poland.
Department of Sports Medicine and Exercise Therapy, Chemnitz University of Technology, Chemnitz, Germany.
Eur J Appl Physiol. 2025 Jun 14. doi: 10.1007/s00421-025-05844-9.
Training load (TL) assessment and management are important in athletic training, physical therapy, and sports science, as exercise-induced responses to the exercise stimulus depend on the dose of the applied exercise stimulus. Different TL may result in distinct adaptation, intervention feasibility, or injury risks, amongst other considerations. However, often studies are based on interventions with different TL between the groups, possibly influencing the research outcomes. This opinion paper discusses scenarios where TL matching may be beneficial, and presents literature exemplary cases from respiratory muscle training, strength training in endurance athletes, and exercise-based physical therapy. Moreover, the contextual role of TL in different populations and possible solutions regarding study design are discussed. We conclude that the considerations of TL assessment in research design may be beneficial for comparative experimental studies, crossover, and counterbalanced trials in sports sciences and physical therapy. By acknowledging and reconciling TL differences, researchers can elevate the relevance of their findings. Consequently, the effects of an intervention can be attributed to the type of intervention rather than confounded by differences in TL between groups.
训练负荷（TL）评估与管理在运动训练、物理治疗和体育科学中至关重要，因为运动对运动刺激的反应取决于所施加运动刺激的剂量。不同的训练负荷可能导致不同的适应性、干预可行性或受伤风险等其他因素。然而，研究往往基于不同组间训练负荷不同的干预措施，这可能会影响研究结果。本观点论文讨论了训练负荷匹配可能有益的情况，并展示了呼吸肌训练、耐力运动员力量训练以及基于运动的物理治疗等方面的文献示例。此外，还讨论了训练负荷在不同人群中的背景作用以及关于研究设计的可能解决方案。我们得出结论，在研究设计中考虑训练负荷评估可能有利于体育科学和物理治疗中的比较实验研究、交叉试验和平衡试验。通过认识并协调训练负荷差异，研究人员可以提高其研究结果的相关性。因此，干预效果可归因于干预类型，而非因组间训练负荷差异而混淆。
