Lee Ye Jin, Kim Moon Suk
Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, 206 World Cup-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon 16499, South Korea.
Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, 206 World Cup-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon 16499, South Korea.
Biomed Pharmacother. 2025 Aug;189:118244. doi: 10.1016/j.biopha.2025.118244. Epub 2025 Jun 13.
Drug-loaded microspheres are an innovative technology in drug delivery systems (DDS), addressing many limitations of conventional methods. Their ability to enable controlled release, precise targeting, and broad drug compatibility makes them a versatile platform with significant potential in modern medicine. This review explores the unique properties of microspheres, including their biocompatibility, biodegradability, and customizable architecture, positioning them as promising candidates for therapeutic use in cancer, diabetes, and rheumatoid arthritis. These characteristics enhance drug stability and bioavailability while reducing systemic side effects, improving patient outcomes. The key findings discussed in this review highlight critical factors influencing microsphere performance, including material selection, particle size, surface modification, and multi-drug loading strategies. Particularly, the integration of nanoscale materials and the combination of microsphere technology with gene therapy and immunotherapy have shown great potential to improve treatment precision and efficacy. However, challenges such as large-scale production, reproducibility, and optimization of drug release profiles remain significant hurdles. Large-scale manufacturing of microspheres with consistent size, efficient drug loading, and predictable release patterns is technically complex, and optimizing release, especially for drugs with narrow therapeutic windows, requires a deeper understanding of the interactions between drugs and polymers. Future advances in microsphere technology are expected to leverage innovations in nanotechnology, gene therapy, and immunotherapy. These advancements may enable more efficient and personalized treatments for diseases that were previously difficult to treat. The findings presented in this review emphasize the transformative potential of microspheres in revolutionizing drug delivery, offering safer, more effective, and patient-specific therapies.
载药微球是药物递送系统（DDS）中的一项创新技术，解决了传统方法的许多局限性。它们能够实现控释、精准靶向以及广泛的药物兼容性，使其成为现代医学中具有巨大潜力的通用平台。本综述探讨了微球的独特性质，包括它们的生物相容性、生物可降解性和可定制结构，使其成为癌症、糖尿病和类风湿性关节炎治疗应用的有前景候选者。这些特性提高了药物稳定性和生物利用度，同时减少全身副作用，改善患者治疗效果。本综述中讨论的关键发现突出了影响微球性能的关键因素，包括材料选择、粒径、表面修饰和多药负载策略。特别是，纳米级材料的整合以及微球技术与基因治疗和免疫治疗的结合已显示出提高治疗精准度和疗效的巨大潜力。然而，大规模生产、重现性和药物释放曲线优化等挑战仍然是重大障碍。大规模制造尺寸一致、药物负载高效且释放模式可预测的微球在技术上很复杂，并且优化释放，尤其是对于治疗窗窄的药物，需要更深入了解药物与聚合物之间的相互作用。微球技术的未来进展有望利用纳米技术、基因治疗和免疫治疗方面的创新。这些进展可能使针对以前难以治疗的疾病实现更高效和个性化的治疗。本综述中提出的研究结果强调了微球在变革药物递送方面的变革潜力，提供更安全、更有效和针对患者的疗法。
