Cetinkaya Hatice, Ollberding Nicholas J, Summer Suzanne S, Meredith Nathan A, Maria Sarah D, Morrow Ardythe L, Nommsen-Rivers Laurie A
Department of Environmental and Public Health Sciences, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States.
Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States; Division of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States.
J Nutr. 2025 Aug;155(8):2582-2590. doi: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.06.004. Epub 2025 Jun 12.
Little is known regarding joint associations of maternal diet quality and adiposity in relation to milk concentrations of inflammatory markers.
We evaluated whether maternal diet quality and prepregnancy body mass index (BMI) predict C-reactive protein (CRP) concentration in human milk.
We used Cincinnati data from Global Exploration of Human Milk study, a prospective cohort of healthy mother-infant dyads (n = 100). We computed a dietary inflammatory index (DII) from diet recalls obtained 4-13 wk postpartum, where higher score indicating a more proinflammatory diet. CRP concentrations in week 4 milk samples were measured after validating a high-sensitivity enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit. Participants were categorized into low and high DII groups at the median and BMI groups defined as normal (<25) or elevated (≥25). The associations of categorical DII score and BMI with milk CRP concentrations were tested using linear regression. Then, we compared milk CRP concentrations across 4 combinations of DII × BMI.
Median (Q1, Q3) values were as follows-DII: 0.13 (-1.54, 1.27); BMI: 25.4 (22.8, 30.4); and milk CRP: 101.7 (54.8, 172.3) ng/mL. Across the 4 DII × BMI groups, milk CRP was significantly different (P = 0.009) but there was no significant difference in maternal age, education, or ethnicity. Having BMI ≥ 25 was associated with higher milk CRP concentrations than having BMI <25 (β ± SE: 96.19 ± 27.23 ng/mL; P = 0.0006), although the main effect of DII was not statistically significant. The DII × BMI interaction was significant: BMI predicted milk CRP concentrations only when DII was low. Women with low DII and normal BMI had lower CRP concentrations [n = 30; 64.3 (38.2, 121.4) ng/mL] than those in the other 3 groups combined [n = 70; 124.1 (71.2, 181) ng/mL; P = 0.019].
Diet modifies the relation between maternal BMI and milk CRP. The study of milk cytokines and other bioactive compounds should include measures of diet quality, when feasible, in addition to maternal adiposity.
关于孕妇饮食质量和肥胖与母乳中炎症标志物浓度的联合关联，我们所知甚少。
我们评估了孕妇饮食质量和孕前体重指数（BMI）是否能预测人乳中C反应蛋白（CRP）的浓度。
我们使用了来自全球母乳探索研究的辛辛那提数据，这是一个健康母婴二元组的前瞻性队列（n = 100）。我们根据产后4 - 13周获得的饮食回忆计算了饮食炎症指数（DII），得分越高表明饮食促炎作用越强。在验证了一种高灵敏度酶联免疫吸附测定（ELISA）试剂盒后，测量了第4周母乳样本中的CRP浓度。参与者按DII中位数分为低DII组和高DII组，并按BMI分为正常（<25）或升高（≥25）组。使用线性回归测试分类DII得分和BMI与母乳CRP浓度的关联。然后，我们比较了DII×BMI的4种组合下的母乳CRP浓度。
中位数（Q1，Q3）值如下——DII：0.13（-1.54，1.27）；BMI：25.4（22.8，30.4）；母乳CRP：101.7（54.8，172.3）ng/mL。在4个DII×BMI组中，母乳CRP有显著差异（P = 0.009），但产妇年龄、教育程度或种族没有显著差异。与BMI <25相比，BMI≥25与更高的母乳CRP浓度相关（β±SE：96.19±27.23 ng/mL；P = 0.0006），尽管DII的主要影响没有统计学意义。DII×BMI交互作用显著：仅当DII低时，BMI才能预测母乳CRP浓度。低DII且BMI正常的女性的CRP浓度[n = 30；64.3（38.2，121.4）ng/mL]低于其他3组的总和[n = 70；124.1（71.2，181）ng/mL；P = 0.019]。
饮食改变了产妇BMI与母乳CRP之间的关系。在可行的情况下，除了产妇肥胖情况外，母乳细胞因子和其他生物活性化合物的研究应包括饮食质量的测量。
