Raturi Manish, Dhiman Yashaswi, Bansal Naveen, Khatiwada Basanta, Gaur Dushyant Singh, Rawat Poonam
Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Himalayan Institute of Medical Sciences, Swami Rama Himalayan University, Swami Ram Nagar, Jolly Grant Dehradun 248016 Uttarakhand, India.
Department of Transfusion Medicine, Homi Bhabha Cancer Hospital and Research Centre (Tata Memorial Centre), Homi Bhabha National Institute, New Chandigarh 140901 Punjab, India.
Transfus Clin Biol. 2025 Aug;32(3):305-308. doi: 10.1016/j.tracli.2025.06.003. Epub 2025 Jun 16.
It has been widely recognized that there is a pressing need to strengthen transfusion medicine education for both undergraduate and postgraduate medical trainees across various clinical specialties to enhance patient safety. In response to this, the National Medical Commission (NMC) of India implemented a competency-based medical education (CBME) framework in 2019 for undergraduate MBBS students across all medical colleges in the country. The present study aimed to assess the impact of a training program designed for medical interns, developed in alignment with the CBME curriculum prescribed by the NMC.
This was a questionnaire-based cross-sectional study conducted among MBBS interns undergoing rotatory training in different departments of a tertiary care teaching hospital. A structured two-day educational program was organized, comprising six modules-three focusing on bedside transfusion practices and three addressing blood donation and laboratory-based transfusion medicine. Each module was designed to reflect the competencies outlined in the CBME curriculum and included pre- and post-training assessments to evaluate knowledge improvement. A pre-test was conducted to assess the knowledge of transfusion medicine among the participants and the post-test was conducted to assess the impact of the training program.
Overall, the pre-test score in the present study was 14.1 (47%) which increased to 22.3 (77.6%) in the post-test. Analysis of the pre-test scores showed that 80% of the interns had weak knowledge of blood transfusion reactions and its management. 55.6% of the interns had weak knowledge of indications of blood component therapy whereas 32.2% of the interns had weak knowledge of bedside transfusion medicine practices. 73.3% of the interns had weak knowledge of blood donor selection and counselling. 62.3% of the interns and 73.3% of the interns had weak knowledge of transfusion transmitted infections and basic blood banking including compatibility testing and storage conditions for various blood components, respectively. Post-training results showed a significant improvement across all domains. Effect size analysis using Cohen's d indicated that the training program was highly effective in five out of six domains, with moderate effectiveness observed in the domain of immunohematology.
Although transfusion medicine knowledge is essential for routine practice in core medical and surgical specialties, a substantial knowledge gap exists among medical interns. This study demonstrates that a structured, CBME program is an effective strategy to improve transfusion medicine knowledge among MBBS interns.
人们普遍认识到，迫切需要加强针对各临床专业本科和研究生医学实习生的输血医学教育，以提高患者安全。对此，印度国家医学委员会（NMC）于2019年为全国所有医学院校的本科医学学士（MBBS）学生实施了基于能力的医学教育（CBME）框架。本研究旨在评估一项根据NMC规定的CBME课程开发的、针对医学实习生的培训项目的影响。
这是一项基于问卷的横断面研究，对象是在一家三级医疗教学医院不同科室接受轮转培训的MBBS实习生。组织了一个为期两天的结构化教育项目，包括六个模块——三个侧重于床边输血实践，三个涉及献血和基于实验室的输血医学。每个模块的设计都反映了CBME课程中概述的能力，并包括培训前和培训后的评估，以评估知识的提高。进行了一项预测试，以评估参与者对输血医学的知识，进行了后测试，以评估培训项目的影响。
总体而言，本研究中的预测试分数为14.1（47%），后测试分数提高到22.3（77.6%）。对预测试分数的分析表明，80%的实习生对输血反应及其管理的知识薄弱。55.6%的实习生对血液成分治疗的适应症知识薄弱，而32.2%的实习生对床边输血医学实践的知识薄弱。73.3%的实习生对献血者选择和咨询的知识薄弱。分别有62.3%和73.3%的实习生对输血传播感染和包括各种血液成分的相容性检测和储存条件在内的基础血库知识薄弱。培训后的结果显示所有领域都有显著改善。使用科恩d值的效应量分析表明，该培训项目在六个领域中的五个领域非常有效，在免疫血液学领域观察到中等效果。
虽然输血医学知识对于核心医学和外科专业的常规实践至关重要，但医学实习生中存在很大的知识差距。本研究表明，一个结构化的CBME项目是提高MBBS实习生输血医学知识的有效策略。
