Qin Jun, Zheng Xiaoshan, Wang Dongshu, Song Chunyu, Shi Wenzheng, Lu Ying
College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; National R&D Branch Center for Freshwater Aquatic Products Processing Technology (Shanghai), Shanghai 201306, China.
State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing 100071, China.
Int J Biol Macromol. 2025 Jul;318(Pt 3):145238. doi: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2025.145238. Epub 2025 Jun 13.
Euryale ferox Salisb. seeds (ES) are rich in biologically active polysaccharides, and degradation treatment can enhance the hypoglycemic activities of polysaccharides. However, regulation mechanism of ES polysaccharide (ESP) and its degradation polysaccharide on blood glucose in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is still unclear. In this study, a novel degraded polysaccharide (D-ESP) was prepared by HO-ultrasound treatment of ESP. It was found that HO-ultrasound treatment did not disrupt sugar unit structure of D-ESP. Both ESP and D-ESP had α-glucosidase inhibitory activity and good gastrointestinal digestive stability, and D-ESP had better hypoglycemic activity than ESP. D-ESP could restore the glucose metabolism of insulin-resistant (IR) HepG2 cells to 83.22 % of normal level, and reduce the blood glucose of T2DM mice by 46.51 %. D-ESP was found to regulate blood glucose similarly to that of drug metformin. D-ESP could reduce IR levels in T2DM mice via two ways. One was to improve inflammatory response by promoting interleukin 2 release; the other was to promote high-density lipoprotein cholesterol synthesis and inhibition triglyceride production by restoring liver cell damage, thus improving glucose metabolism disorders. Consequently, D-ESP is a promising ingredient in anti-diabetes. This study can provide theoretical basis for the development of hypoglycemic products for T2DM.
芡实种子（ES）富含生物活性多糖，降解处理可增强多糖的降血糖活性。然而，ES多糖（ESP）及其降解多糖对2型糖尿病（T2DM）血糖的调节机制仍不清楚。本研究通过HO-超声处理ESP制备了一种新型降解多糖（D-ESP）。发现HO-超声处理未破坏D-ESP的糖单元结构。ESP和D-ESP均具有α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制活性和良好的胃肠道消化稳定性，且D-ESP的降血糖活性优于ESP。D-ESP可将胰岛素抵抗（IR）HepG2细胞的葡萄糖代谢恢复至正常水平的83.22%，并使T2DM小鼠的血糖降低46.51%。发现D-ESP调节血糖的方式与药物二甲双胍类似。D-ESP可通过两种方式降低T2DM小鼠的IR水平。一种是通过促进白细胞介素2释放来改善炎症反应；另一种是通过恢复肝细胞损伤来促进高密度脂蛋白胆固醇合成并抑制甘油三酯产生，从而改善糖代谢紊乱。因此，D-ESP是一种有前景的抗糖尿病成分。本研究可为T2DM降血糖产品的开发提供理论依据。
