Milsum J H
Behav Sci. 1985 Oct;30(4):179-86. doi: 10.1002/bs.3830300402.
The stress response system, as vital mediator of the individual's health/illness dynamics at physical, psychological, and social levels, is modeled through a systems approach. This extremely complex self-regulating system involves multiple causal factors, nonlinearities, and time delays. Key basic functions are surveillance, mobilization of resources, feedback, and purpose. The underlying physiological stress response comprises three main mechanisms: autonomic nervous system, hormonal system, and immune response system. Their afferent pathways are presented in a flow diagram, and integrated into the full system which includes the psycho-social dimensions. The main features of this overall system comprise: psycho-social dynamics, feedback and feedforward monitors, self-concept, evaluation and strategy-decision making, generalized coping resources, mobilization of response strategies, and behavioral control. Stressors, as potential producers of stress, are illustrated in the physical, psychological, and social domains. A U-shaped universal dose-response curve is helpful in understanding stressor-destressor actions. Destressors are similarly considered, with special relation to lifestyle. Finally, the concept of eustress is developed as the ideal condition toward which this complex homeostatic system works.
应激反应系统作为个体在生理、心理和社会层面健康/疾病动态变化的重要调节者，是通过系统方法进行建模的。这个极其复杂的自我调节系统涉及多种因果因素、非线性关系和时间延迟。其关键的基本功能包括监测、资源调动、反馈和目的。潜在的生理应激反应包括三个主要机制：自主神经系统、激素系统和免疫反应系统。它们的传入通路在流程图中呈现，并整合到包括心理社会层面的完整系统中。这个整体系统的主要特征包括：心理社会动态、反馈和前馈监测、自我概念、评估和策略决策、广义应对资源、反应策略的调动以及行为控制。应激源作为潜在的压力产生因素，在生理、心理和社会领域进行了阐述。一条U形的通用剂量反应曲线有助于理解应激源 - 减压因素的作用。减压因素也同样被考虑，特别是与生活方式的关系。最后，良性应激的概念被提出，作为这个复杂的稳态系统所趋向的理想状态。
