Astorga Francisca, Alkishe Abdelghafar, Paansri Paanwaris, Mantilla Gabriel, Escobar Luis E
Centro de Investigación Para la Sustentabilidad, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile.
Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Facultad de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Mayor, Temuco, Chile.
Ecosphere. 2025 Mar;16(3). doi: 10.1002/ecs2.70209. Epub 2025 Mar 16.
In North America, the rodent-borne hantavirus pulmonary syndrome is predominantly caused by the Sin Nombre virus, typically associated with the deer mouse . Utilizing data from the National Ecological Observatory Network (NEON) hantavirus program, we assessed factors that may influence spatial and temporal distribution of hantavirus in rodent populations across the United States. Between 2014 and 2019, the NEON hantavirus program conducted 104,379 small mammal captures and collected 14,004 blood samples from 49 species at 45 field sites. Our study identified 296 seropositive samples across 15 rodent species, including eight species. We describe six new species with hantavirus seropositive samples not previously reported as hantavirus hosts. The highest number of seropositive samples were obtained from (n=116; 2.9% seroprevalence), followed by (n=96; 2.8%) and (n=33; 4.2%). Hantavirus seroprevalence showed an uneven spatial distribution, with the highest seroprevalence found in Virginia (7.8%, 99 seropositive samples), Colorado (5.7%, n=37), and Texas (4.8%, n=19). Hantavirus seropositive samples were obtained from 32 sites, ten of which presented seropositive samples in species other than or Seroprevalence was inconsistent across years but showed intra-annual bimodal trends, and in and the number of captures correlated with seroprevalence in the following months. Seroprevalence was higher in adult males, with one seropositive sample obtained from a juvenile . Higher body mass, scrotal testes and non-pregnant status were associated with higher seropositivity. The NEON dataset, derived from a multiyear and structured surveillance system, revealed the extensive distribution of hantavirus across broad taxonomic and environmental ranges. Future research should consider winter season surveillance and continued analyses of stored samples for a comprehensive spatiotemporal study of hantavirus circulation in wildlife. Global changes are expected to affect the dynamic of rodent populations by affecting their availability or resources and demography and, consequently, may modify transmission rates of rodent-borne zoonotic pathogens such as hantavirus. This study can be considered a baseline to assess hantavirus patterns across host taxa, geographies, and seasons in the United States.
在北美，啮齿动物传播的汉坦病毒肺综合征主要由辛诺柏病毒引起，该病毒通常与鹿鼠有关。利用来自国家生态观测站网络（NEON）汉坦病毒项目的数据，我们评估了可能影响美国啮齿动物种群中汉坦病毒空间和时间分布的因素。2014年至2019年期间，NEON汉坦病毒项目在45个野外地点捕获了104,379只小型哺乳动物，并从49个物种中采集了14,004份血样。我们的研究在15种啮齿动物中鉴定出296份血清阳性样本，包括8个物种。我们描述了6个新的带有汉坦病毒血清阳性样本的物种，这些物种以前未被报道为汉坦病毒宿主。血清阳性样本数量最多的是（n = 116；血清阳性率2.9%），其次是（n = 96；血清阳性率2.8%）和（n = 33；血清阳性率4.2%）。汉坦病毒血清阳性率呈现出不均匀的空间分布，弗吉尼亚州（7.8%，99份血清阳性样本）、科罗拉多州（5.7%，n = 37）和得克萨斯州（4.8%，n = 19）的血清阳性率最高。汉坦病毒血清阳性样本来自32个地点，其中10个地点除或外的其他物种也出现了血清阳性样本。血清阳性率多年来不一致，但呈现年内双峰趋势，并且在和中，捕获数量与随后几个月的血清阳性率相关。成年雄性的血清阳性率更高，仅从一只幼年获得了一份血清阳性样本。较高的体重、阴囊睾丸和未怀孕状态与较高的血清阳性率相关。NEON数据集来自一个多年的结构化监测系统，揭示了汉坦病毒在广泛的分类学和环境范围内的广泛分布。未来的研究应考虑冬季监测，并继续对储存样本进行分析，以全面开展汉坦病毒在野生动物中传播的时空研究。预计全球变化将通过影响啮齿动物的可利用性或资源以及种群统计学来影响啮齿动物种群动态，从而可能改变诸如汉坦病毒等啮齿动物传播的人畜共患病原体的传播率。本研究可被视为评估美国跨宿主分类群、地理区域和季节的汉坦病毒模式的基线。
