Miskad Upik A, Henry Matthew Martianus, Pardamean Carissa Ikka, Budiarto Arif, Irwan Akram, Baurley James W, Yusuf Irawan, Pardamean Bens
Department of Anatomical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia.
Bioinformatics and Data Science Research Center, Bina Nusantara University, Jakarta, Indonesia.
Oncol Rev. 2025 May 30;19:1589655. doi: 10.3389/or.2025.1589655. eCollection 2025.
This study analyzed the nongenetic risk factors that contributed to colorectal cancer (CRC) incidence in the South Sulawesi population through a case-control study.
The sample consisted of 89 cases and 84 controls, aged between 19-86, with 99 males and 74 females from different ethnic groups. Univariate analysis was carried out using chi-square, Fisher's exact test, -test, and Mann-Whitney U test. Significant nongenetic risk factors were selected through the logit model L1 regularization, adjusted for age, gender, and ethnicity. The analyzed risk factors were the patient's weight, height, body mass index (BMI), defecation location, exercise habit, smoking habit, marital status, occupation, education level, and distance to the nearest health center. The estimated odds ratio from the logit model was used to analyze the significance of the selected risk factors.
The significant risk factors from the logit model were smoking habit, education level, marital status, distance to the nearest health center, and weight. CRC cases were more likely to have lower education (OR = 1.819, 95% CI 1.354-2.443), residing in remote areas (OR = 1.44, 95% CI 1.17-1.772), experiencing decreasing weight (OR = 1.03, 95% CI 1.013-1.048). Controls were more likely to be non-smokers (OR = 0.325, 95% CI 0.149-0.707) and unmarried (OR = 0.161, 95% CI 0.036-0.716).
The study determined that other nongenetic risk factors, including education level, distance to the nearest health center, weight, smoking habit, and marital status, contributed to the CRC incidence within the South Sulawesi population. The study emphasized the importance in accounting for these risk factors for further, targeted CRC preventions.
本研究通过病例对照研究分析了南苏拉威西岛人群中导致结直肠癌（CRC）发病的非遗传风险因素。
样本包括89例病例和84例对照，年龄在19 - 86岁之间，有来自不同种族的99名男性和74名女性。使用卡方检验、费舍尔精确检验、t检验和曼 - 惠特尼U检验进行单因素分析。通过逻辑模型L1正则化选择显著的非遗传风险因素，并对年龄、性别和种族进行调整。分析的风险因素包括患者的体重、身高、体重指数（BMI）、排便地点、运动习惯、吸烟习惯、婚姻状况、职业、教育水平以及到最近健康中心的距离。逻辑模型估计的比值比用于分析所选风险因素的显著性。
逻辑模型中的显著风险因素为吸烟习惯、教育水平、婚姻状况、到最近健康中心的距离和体重。结直肠癌病例更可能受教育程度较低（OR = 1.819，95% CI 1.354 - 2.443），居住在偏远地区（OR = 1.44，95% CI 1.17 - 1.772），体重下降（OR = 1.03，95% CI 1.013 - 1.048）。对照组更可能是非吸烟者（OR = 0.325，95% CI 0.149 - 0.707）和未婚（OR = 0.161，95% CI 0.036 - 0.716）。
该研究确定，包括教育水平、到最近健康中心的距离、体重、吸烟习惯和婚姻状况在内的其他非遗传风险因素导致了南苏拉威西岛人群中的结直肠癌发病。该研究强调了在进一步的针对性结直肠癌预防中考虑这些风险因素的重要性。
