Adhikari Biplab
Department of Infectious Disease, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, USA.
Acta Medica (Hradec Kralove). 2025;68(1):1-7. doi: 10.14712/18059694.2025.11.
Henipaviruses, including Hendra and Nipah viruses, represent significant zoonotic threats with higher mortality rates. Due to limited therapeutic interventions, poses substantial challenges. These bat-borne pathogens were first identified in Australia (Hendra, 1994) and Malaysia (Nipah, 1998-1999), with subsequent multiple outbreaks. The recent discovery of Camp Hill virus in North American shrews, suggest broader geographic distribution than previously recognized. Transmission occurs primarily through contact with reservoir hosts, though human-to-human spread has been documented in Nipah outbreaks. Initial non-specific febrile symptoms can progress to fatal encephalitis with distinctive pathological findings including syncytia formation and vasculitis. A concerning feature is the potential for relapsing encephalitis months or years after initial infection. Management remains predominantly supportive, highlighting the urgent need for effective antivirals, vaccines, and enhanced surveillance. Expanded research into therapeutic countermeasures is essential to address this emerging global public health threat.
亨尼帕病毒，包括亨德拉病毒和尼帕病毒，是具有较高死亡率的重大人畜共患病威胁。由于治疗干预措施有限，带来了巨大挑战。这些蝙蝠传播的病原体最初在澳大利亚（亨德拉病毒，1994年）和马来西亚（尼帕病毒，1998 - 1999年）被发现，随后多次爆发。最近在北美鼩鼱中发现坎普希尔病毒，表明其地理分布比之前认为的更广。传播主要通过与储存宿主接触发生，不过在尼帕病毒爆发中已有人际传播的记录。最初的非特异性发热症状可发展为致命性脑炎，伴有包括多核巨细胞形成和血管炎在内的独特病理表现。一个令人担忧的特征是在初次感染数月或数年之后可能出现复发性脑炎。治疗仍主要是支持性的，这凸显了对有效抗病毒药物、疫苗以及加强监测的迫切需求。扩大对治疗对策的研究对于应对这一新兴的全球公共卫生威胁至关重要。
